The antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) limit the susceptibility of bacteria to antimicrobials, representing a problem of high importance. Current research on the presence of ARGs in microorganisms focuses mainly on humans, livestock, hospitals, or wastewater. However, the spectrum of ARGs in the dust resistome in workplaces and households has gone relatively unexplored. This pilot study aimed to analyze resistome in indoor dust samples from participants' workplaces (a pediatric hospital, a maternity hospital, and a research center) and households and compare two different approaches to the ARGs analysis; high-throughput quantitative PCR (HT-qPCR) and whole metagenome shotgun sequencing (WMGS). In total, 143 ARGs were detected using HT-qPCR, with ARGs associated with the macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramin B (MLSB) phenotype being the most abundant, followed by MDR (multi-drug resistance) genes, and genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides. A higher overall relative quantity of ARGs was observed in indoor dust samples from workplaces than from households, with the pediatric hospital being associated with the highest relative quantity of ARGs. WMGS analysis revealed 36 ARGs, of which five were detected by both HT-qPCR and WMGS techniques. Accordingly, the efficacy of the WMGS approach to detect ARGs was lower than that of HT-qPCR. In summary, our pilot data revealed that indoor dust in buildings where people spend most of their time (workplaces, households) can be a significant source of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms, which may potentially pose a health risk to both humans and animals.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- Bacteria genetika izolace a purifikace účinky léků klasifikace MeSH
- bakteriální geny genetika MeSH
- bakteriální léková rezistence genetika MeSH
- charakteristiky rodiny MeSH
- kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metagenom MeSH
- mikrobiologie vzduchu MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- prach * analýza MeSH
- pracoviště * MeSH
- vysoce účinné nukleotidové sekvenování MeSH
- znečištění vzduchu ve vnitřním prostředí MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: Activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signalling is key in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, a certain level of NF-κB activity is necessary to enable tissue repair. METHODS: The relationship between activated and inactivated NF-κB signaling and the pathogenesis of CKD was investigated using mouse models of NF-κB partial inactivation (mutating cysteine at position 59 of the sixth exon on the NF-κB gene into alanine) and activation (mutating cysteine at position 59 of the sixth exon on the NF-κB gene into serine). RESULTS: The density of CD3, CD8, CD68 positive cells, as well as the expression of interleukin 6, Tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 1 and Nef-associated factor 1 in the kidney tissues of NF-κBC59A mice were reduced, whereas an opposing pattern was observed in the NF-κBC59S mice. Blood pressure, kidney fibrosis (analyzed by periodic acid-Schiff, Masson trichrome and Sirius Red staining, as well as α-SMA immunofluorescence), serum creatinine and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio are markedly increased in NF-κB-activated and -inactivated mice compared with controls. Transmission electron microscopy indicated that the glomerular basement membrane was thicker in both NF-κBC59A and NF-κBC59S mice compared with wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS: Using mice models with partially activated and inactivated NF-κB pathways suggests that there is an apparently U-shaped relationship between blood pressure, kidney function as well as morphology and the activation of the NF-κB pathway. A certain optimal activity of the NF-κB pathway seems to be important to maintain optimal kidney function and morphology.
- MeSH
- chronická renální insuficience metabolismus patologie etiologie MeSH
- fibróza MeSH
- hypertenze * metabolismus etiologie MeSH
- kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
- myši MeSH
- NF-kappa B * metabolismus MeSH
- signální transdukce * MeSH
- western blotting MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Minimal/measurable residual disease (MRD) diagnostics using real-time quantitative PCR analysis of rearranged immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor gene rearrangements are nowadays implemented in most treatment protocols for patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Within the EuroMRD Consortium, we aim to provide comparable, high-quality MRD diagnostics, allowing appropriate risk-group classification for patients and inter-protocol comparisons. To this end, we set up a quality assessment scheme, that was gradually optimized and updated over the last 20 years, and that now includes participants from around 70 laboratories worldwide. We here describe the design and analysis of our quality assessment scheme. In addition, we here report revised data interpretation guidelines, based on our newly generated data and extensive discussions between experts. The main novelty is the partial re-definition of the "positive below quantitative range" category by two new categories, "MRD low positive, below quantitative range" and "MRD of uncertain significance". The quality assessment program and revised guidelines will ensure reproducible and accurate MRD data for ALL patients. Within the Consortium, similar programs and guidelines have been introduced for other lymphoid diseases (e.g., B-cell lymphoma), for new technological platforms (e.g., digital droplet PCR or Next-Generation Sequencing), and for other patient-specific MRD PCR-based targets (e.g., fusion genes).
- MeSH
- akutní lymfatická leukemie genetika diagnóza MeSH
- genová přestavba MeSH
- geny pro imunoglobuliny MeSH
- kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce metody normy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- reziduální nádor * genetika diagnóza MeSH
- směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma normy MeSH
- zajištění kvality zdravotní péče MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Východiska: Dlaždicobuněčný karcinom ústní dutiny (oral squamous cell carcinoma – OSCC) je jedným z nejběžnějších nádorů ze skupin dlaždicobuněčných karcinomů hlavy a krku. Zvyšující se výskyt karcinomů ústní dutiny a jejich zjištění v pokročilých stadiích je celosvětovým zdravotním problémem. Stále více údajů svědčí o tom, že při růstu a progresi zhoubných nádorů hrají důležitou roli microRNA (miRNAs), zatímco o významu miR-7113-3p and miR-6721-5p v OSCC nejsou k dispozici žádné informace. Tento článek pojednává o zkoumání exprese MAP2K1, miR-7113-3p a miR-6721-5p pro možné biologické funkce při rozvoji dlaždicobuněčného karcinomu ústní dutiny. Materiál a metody: Pomocí kvantitativní polymerázové řetězové reakce v reálném čase jsme stanovili expresi mRNA u MAP2K1, miR-7113-3p a miR-6721-5p v čerstvě zmražených tkáních OSCC a v čerstvě zmražených přilehlých normálních tkáních 30 pacientů a zkoumali jsme jejich vztah ke klinickým parametrům. Výsledky: Exprese MAP2K1 v nádorové tkáni byla oproti normálním tkáním významně vyšší, zatímco exprese miR-7113-3p a miR-6721-5p byla významně nižší. Také byla pozorována statistická korelace p = 0,04 mezi zvýšenou expresí MAP2K1 a perineurální invazí. Navíc jsme zaznamenali, že mezi down-regulací miR-7113-3p a zvýšenou expresí MAP2K1 je pozitivní korelace (p = 0,0218) a mezi down-regulací miR-6721-5p a zvýšenou expresí MAP2K1 je negativní korelace (p = 0,7771). Závěr: Z těchto nálezů vyplývá, že u pacientů s OSCC mohou miR-7113-3p a miR-6721-5p sloužit jako prospektivní biomarkery, které by v budoucnu mohly být využívány k detekci OSCC v časném stadiu. Zvýšená exprese MAP2K1 je spojena s rozvojem OSCC a perineurální invazí.
Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common cancers in the head and neck squamous cell cancer group. The increasing frequency of oral carcinomas and their late-stage appearance is a major worldwide health concern. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) appear to play an important role in cancer growth and progression, according to growing data, whereas no information is available regarding miR-7113-3p and miR-6721-5p involvement in OSCC. In this article, the expression of MAP2K1, miR-7113-3p, and miR-6721-5p was examined for possible biological functions in the advancement of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Material and methods: We used quantitative real-time PCR (to examine the mRNA expression of MAP2K1, miR-7113-3p, and miR-6721-5p in fresh frozen OSCC tissues and adjacent normal fresh frozen tissues from 30 patients, and we investigated their relationship with clinical parameters. Results: MAP2K1 expression was found to be dramatically increased in tumor tissues than in normal tissues, whereas miR7113-3p and miR-6721-5p expression was significantly decreased. Furthermore, a statistical correlation of P = 0.04 was also observed between increased MAP2K1 expression and perineural invasion. Additionally, we noted that the downregulation of miR-7113-3p appears to correlate positively with overexpression of MAP2K1 (P = 0.0218), and a negative correlation was observed between downregulation of miR-6721-5p and overexpression of MAP2K1 (P = 0.7771). Conclusion: Based on these findings, miR-7113-3p and miR-6721-5p might be prospective biomarkers for OSCC patients, and could be utilized to detect OSCC at an early stage for future diagnosis. MAP2K1 overexpression has been linked to the development of OSCC and perineural invasion.
- Klíčová slova
- miR-7113-3p, miR-6721-5p,
- MeSH
- dlaždicobuněčné karcinomy hlavy a krku * diagnostické zobrazování genetika MeSH
- kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- MAP kinasa-kinasa 1 genetika MeSH
- nádorové biomarkery analýza MeSH
- stanovení celkové genové exprese klasifikace metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- klinická studie MeSH
Cieľ: Pneumocystis jirovecii patril v minulosti do skupiny prvokov, ale v súčasnosti je taxonomicky zaradený do ríše húb. P. jirovecii je oportúnny patogén, zodpovedný za pneumocystovú pneumóniu s častými komplikáciami u imunokompromitovaných pacientov. Oneskorené začatie vhodnej liečby zvyšuje riziko úmrtia u pacientov s oslabenou imunitou. Cieľom práce bolo zistiť a zhodnotiť spoľahlivosť metód laboratórnej diagnostiky pneumocystózy používaných v rutinných laboratóriách ako aj výskyt tohto ochorenia u pacientov zo Slovenska za 19 rokov. Materiál a metódy: Diagnostika je založená na mikroskopickom dôkaze (farbenie podľa Giemsa a Gram-Weigerta) a detekcii DNA parazita klasickou alebo real-time PCR v bronchoalveolárnej laváži a spúte. Výsledky: Pneumocysty boli zistené u 190 osôb (5,7 %) z celého súboru pacientov. Onkologickí pacienti predstavovali najrizikovejšiu skupinu z hľadiska infekcie pneumocystami, čo sme potvrdili ich najvyšším podielom (57,9 %) z jedincov s pneumocystózou. Na základe binárneho klasifikačného testu sme vyhodnotili 33,7 % citlivosť a 100 % špecifickosť mikroskopického dôkazu v porovnaní s PCR. Molekulárne metódy sú v porovnaní s mikroskopickým dôkazom citlivejšie v detekcii P. jirovecii a v súčasnosti predstavujú spoľahlivý detekčný systém v diagnostike pneumocystózy. Záver: Vzhľadom na narastajúci počet imunokompromitovaných osôb je diagnostika P. jirovecii u pacientov s pľúcnymi komplikáciami nevyhnutná. To sa potvrdilo aj v našej štúdii, kde v priebehu rokov stúpal počet vyšetrení a záchytov tohto oportúnneho patogénu.
Aim: In the past, Pneumocystis jirovecii belonged to the Protozoa group, but is currently taxonomically included in the kingdom Fungi. P. jirovecii is an opportunistic pathogen, responsible for pneumocystis pneumonia with frequent complications of immunocompromised patients. Delayed initiation of appropriate therapy increases the risk of death in immunocompromised patient. The aim of this work was to determine and evaluate the reliability of methods of laboratory diagnosis of pneumocystosis used in routine laboratories as well as the occurrence of this disease in patients from Slovakia during 19 years. Material and Methods: The diagnosis is based on microscopic examination (Giemsa- and Gram-Weigert-staining) and detection of parasite DNA by classical or real-time PCR in bronchoalveolar lavage and sputum. Results: Pneumocysts were detected in 190 persons (5.7%) from the whole group of patients. Cancer patients represented the riskiest group in terms of pneumocystosis, which was confirmed by the highest percentage (57.9%) of individuals infected with P. jirovecii. Compared with the PCR, 33.7% sensitivity and 100% specificity of microscopy was calculated by using a binary classification test. Molecular methods are more sensitive in the detection of P. jirovecii compared to microscopic evidence and currently represent a reliable detection system in the diagnosis of pneumocystosis. Conclusion: In view of the increasing number of immunocompromised persons, diagnostics of P. jirovecii in patients with pulmonary complications is essential. This was also confirmed in our study, where the number of examinations and detection of this opportunistic pathogen increased over the years.
- MeSH
- bronchoalveolární lavážní tekutina mikrobiologie MeSH
- hostitel s imunodeficiencí MeSH
- imunosupresivní léčba škodlivé účinky MeSH
- kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Pneumocystis carinii * izolace a purifikace MeSH
- pneumocystová pneumonie diagnóza mikrobiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
Kontext a cíl výzkumu: Nealkoholické ztukovatění jater (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD) má závažné ekonomické dopady na zdravotnictví celosvětově a na Ukrajině obzvláště. Hlavní příčinou mortality pacientů s NAFLD jsou kardiovaskulární onemocnění (KVO). Za potenciální mechanismus rozvoje ischemické choroby srdeční (ICHS) u pacientů s NAFLD lze považovat změny ve složení střevní mikrobioty. Cílem našeho výzkumu bylo zjistit změny koncentrací hlavních fylotypů střevní mikrobioty, kmenů Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes a Actinobacteria, a kvantifikovat koncentrace kmenů Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes u pacientů s NAFLD a současně s ICHS. Materiál a metody: Do studie bylo zařazeno 109 jedinců s NAFLD (25 současně s arteriální hypertenzí [AH] a 24 současně s ICHS). Složení střevní mikrobioty bylo hodnoceno metodou qPCR. Výsledky a závěry: U obou podskupin, s ICHS a s AH jako komorbiditami, byl pozorován výrazný trend ke zvyšování koncentrací Bacteroidetes (o 37,11 %, resp. 21,30 %) a snižování koncentrací kmene Firmicutes (o 7,38 %, resp. 7,77 %), přičemž nalezené změny nedosahovaly statistické významnosti. Ve srovnání s pacienty pouze s NAFLD bylo u nemocných s NAFLD plus ICHS zaznamenáno statisticky významné snížení koncentrací kmene Actinobacteria o 41,37 % (p ˂ 0,05). U pacientů s NAFLD plus AH byly koncentrace kmene Actinobacteria nižší o 12,35 % (statisticky nevýznamný rozdíl). Byly nalezeny změny ve složení střevní mikrobioty, konkrétně nižší koncentrace kmene Actinobacteria u pacientů s ICHS; toto zjištění si vyžádá další výzkum.
Background and the research aim: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) bears serious economic consequences for the health care system worldwide and Ukraine, in particular. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the main cause of mortality in NAFLD patients. Changes in the gut microbiota composition can be regarded as a potential mechanism of CVD in NAFLD patients. The research aim was the investigation changes in major gut microbiota phylotypes, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria with quantification of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes in NAFLD patients with concomitant CVD. Materials and methods: There were 109 NAFLD subjects (25 with concomitant arterial hypertension [AH] and 24 with coronary artery disease [CAD]) enrolled. The gut microbiota composition was assessed by qPCR. Results and conclusions: There was a marked tendency towards an increase in the concentration of Bacte- roidetes (by 37.11% and 21.30%, respectively) with a decrease in Firmicutes (by 7.38% and 7.77%, respectively) found in both groups with comorbid CAD and AH with the identified changes not reaching a statistical significance. A statistically significant decrease in the concentration of Actinobacteria was revealed in pa- tients with NAFLD with concomitant CAD at 41.37% (p <0.05) as compared with those with an isolated NAFLD. In patients with concomitant AH, the content of Actinobacteria dropped by 12.35%, which was statistically insignificant. There were changes found in the intestinal microbiota composition, namely decrease in Actinobacteria in patients with CAD, which requires further research.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- endotoxiny analýza MeSH
- ischemická choroba srdeční etiologie komplikace MeSH
- kardiovaskulární nemoci * etiologie komplikace MeSH
- komorbidita MeSH
- kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce metody MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nealkoholová steatóza jater komplikace MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- klinická studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Ukrajina MeSH
The density and spread of tick vector species have increased throughout Europe in the last 30 years, leading to an increase of Lyme borreliosis cases, including in Slovenia. The aim of this study was to isolate Borrelia strains and determine the prevalence of B. burgdorferi sensu lato and B. miyamotoi in adults of Ixodes ricinus (Linnaeus) collected in 2019 in the two regions of the country (Coastal-Karst and Littoral-Inner Carniola) by cultivation and PCR. We isolated B. burgdorferi s.l. by culture method in 28/559 (5%) ticks from both regions. Culture-negative samples (531/559, i.e., 95%) were additionally tested by real-time PCR. In 155/531 (29.2%) PCR-positive samples, a fragment of flaB or glpQ was amplified and further sequenced to identify species of the Borrelia. Using both methods, cultivation and PCR, Borrelia spp. prevalence was 32.7% in the Coastal-Karst region and 33.0% in the Littoral-Inner Carniola region. Genotyping of the Borrelia spp. isolates revealed that 17/28 (60%) were B. garinii subtype Mlg2. Of all tick samples tested for B. miyamotoi 8/398 (2%) were PCR positive. Based on previous studies in these regions, we had expected more ticks to be infected with B. afzelii, but genotyping revealed that B. garinii was the most abundant.
Accuracy and transparency of scientific data are becoming more and more relevant with the increasing concern regarding the evaluation of data reproducibility in many research areas. This concern is also true for quantifying coding and noncoding RNAs, with the remarkable increase in publications reporting RNA profiling and sequencing studies. To address the problem, we propose the following recommendations: (a) accurate documentation of experimental procedures in Materials and methods (and not only in the supplementary information, as many journals have a strict mandate for making Materials and methods as visible as possible in the main text); (b) submission of RT-qPCR raw data for all experiments reported; and (c) adoption of a unified, simple format for submitted RT-qPCR raw data. The Real-time PCR Data Essential Spreadsheet Format (RDES) was created for this purpose.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic ability of multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in very preterm infants assessed for risk of early onset neonatal sepsis (EOS). METHODS: Prospective observational cohort study. Blood samples of preterm neonates ≤32 weeks of gestation were evaluated by commercial multiplex real-time PCR within 2 h after delivery. The definition of EOS was based on positive blood culture and clinical signs of infection or negative blood culture, clinical signs of infection and abnormal neonatal blood count and serum biomarkers. RESULTS: Among 82 subjects analyzed in the study, 15 had clinical or confirmed EOS. PCR was positive in four of these infants (including the only one with a positive blood culture), as well as in 15 of the 67 infants without sepsis (sensitivity 27%, specificity 78%). Out of 19 PCR positive subjects, Escherichia coli was detected in 12 infants (63%). Statistically significant association was found between vaginal E. coli colonization of the mother and E. coli PCR positivity of the neonate (p=0.001). No relationship was found between neonatal E. coli swab results and assessment findings of bacterial DNA in neonatal blood stream. CONCLUSIONS: Multiplex real-time PCR had insufficient diagnostic capability for EOS in high risk very preterm infants. The study revealed no significant association between PCR results and the diagnosis of clinical EOS. Correlation between maternal vaginal swab results and positive PCR in the newborn needs further investigation to fully understand the role of bacterial DNA analysis in preterm infants.
- MeSH
- DNA bakterií genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Escherichia coli genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- infekce vyvolané Escherichia coli diagnóza MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- multiplexová polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- novorozenec nedonošený * MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- novorozenecká sepse diagnóza MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- vagina mikrobiologie MeSH
- vertikální přenos infekce MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- pozorovací studie MeSH