Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 2 (PHA2) is a rare inherited condition of altered tubular salt handling. It is characterized by the specific constellation of hyperkalaemic hyporeninemic hypertension, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis and hypercalciuria. Molecular genetic testing confirms the diagnosis in the majority of cases. Thiazides constitute effective treatment. Due to its rarity, the diagnosis is often delayed. We here present two children with PHA2, who were initially treated with fludrocortisone and bicarbonate complicated mainly by exacerbation of their hypertension. Discontinuation of their previous therapy and commencement of thiazide diuretics led to normalisation of their blood pressure and electrolyte and acid-base status.
- MeSH
- acidóza * diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- fludrokortison terapeutické užití MeSH
- hyperkalemie diagnóza etiologie genetika krev MeSH
- hypertenze * diagnóza etiologie farmakoterapie genetika MeSH
- inhibitory symportérů pro chlorid sodný terapeutické užití MeSH
- krevní tlak MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pseudohypoaldosteronismus * genetika diagnóza patofyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
BACKGROUND: Hypertension is the most prevalent cardiovascular risk factor, with several detrimental effects on the cardiovascular system. Contrasting results have been reported so far on its prognostic role in patients admitted for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Therefore, we investigated the impact of hypertension on short-term mortality in a large multicenter contemporary registry of STEMI patients, including patients treated during COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: The ISACS-STEMI COVID-19 was a retrospective registry that included STEMI patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) between March and June of 2019 and 2020 in 109 high-volume primary PCI centers from 4 continents. We collected data on baseline, clinical and procedural characteristics, in-hospital outcome and 30-day mortality. For this analysis patients were grouped according to history of hypertension at admission. RESULTS: A total of 16083 patients were assessed, including 8813 (54.8%) with history of hypertension. These patients were more often elderly, with a worse cardiovascular risk profile, but were less frequently active smoker. Some procedural differences were observed between the two groups, including lower rate of thrombectomy and use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors or cangrelor but more extensive coronary disease in patients with hypertension. Between patients with and without hypertension, there was no significant difference in SARS-CoV-2 positivity. Hypertensive patients had a significantly higher in-hospital and 30-day mortality, similarly observed in both pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 era, and confirmed after adjustment for main baseline differences and propensity score (in-hospital mortality: adjusted odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] =1.673 [1.389-2.014], P < 0.001; 30-day mortality: adjusted hazard ratio (HR) [95% CI] = 1.418 [1.230-1.636], P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This is one of the largest and contemporary study assessing the impact of hypertension in STEMI patients undergoing primary angioplasty, including also the COVID-19 pandemic period. Hypertension was independently associated with significantly higher rates of in-hospital and 30-day mortality.
- MeSH
- COVID-19 * komplikace mortalita MeSH
- hypertenze * komplikace mortalita MeSH
- infarkt myokardu s elevacemi ST úseků * mortalita komplikace terapie MeSH
- koronární angioplastika * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mortalita v nemocnicích MeSH
- registrace * MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
In this systematic review, we report on the effects of diuretic deprescribing compared to continued diuretic use. We included clinical studies reporting on outcomes such as mortality, heart failure recurrence, tolerability and feasibility. We assessed risk of bias and certainty of the evidence using the GRADE framework. We included 25 publications from 22 primary studies (15 randomized controlled trials; 7 nonrandomized studies). The mean number of participants in the deprescribing groups was 35, and median/mean age 64 years. In patients with heart failure, there was no clear evidence that diuretic deprescribing was associated with increased mortality compared to diuretic continuation (low certainty evidence). The risk of cardiovascular composite outcomes associated with diuretic deprescribing was inconsistent (studies showing lower risk for diuretic deprescribing, or comparable risk with diuretic continuation; very low certainty evidence). The effect on heart failure recurrence after diuretic deprescribing in patients with diuretics for heart failure, and of hypertension in patients with diuretics for hypertension was inconsistent across the included studies (low certainty evidence). In patients with diuretics for hypertension, diuretic deprescribing was well tolerated (moderate certainty evidence), while in patients with diuretics for heart failure, deprescribing diuretics can result in complaints of peripheral oedema (very low certainty evidence). The overall risk of bias was generally high. In summary, this systematic review suggests that diuretic discontinuation could be a safe and feasible treatment option for carefully selected patients. However, there isa lack of high-quality evidence on its feasibility, safety and tolerability of diuretic deprescribing, warranting further research.
- MeSH
- depreskripce * MeSH
- diuretika * škodlivé účinky aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hypertenze farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- medicína založená na důkazech MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
- směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma MeSH
- srdeční selhání * farmakoterapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- systematický přehled MeSH
Hyponatremia is a crucial complication of therapy with thiazide diuretics. This study compares the epidemiological and biochemical profiles and hospital course of patients using hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), indapamide (INDA), and chlorthalidone (CTD) admitted with thiazide-associated hyponatremia (TAH). Data were obtained retrospectively from the hospital's digital registries. The epidemiological and biochemical parameters between the HCTZ, INDA, and CTD groups were compared. The correlation between dose and biochemical parameters in each group was performed. The thiazide groups without diuretic co-medication were compared (HCTZ vs. INDA), and the correlation between dose and biochemical parameters in each group was examined. A comparison of the HCTZ (n = 135), INDA (n = 125), and CTD (n = 27) groups identified differences in serum potassium (s-K; p = 0.03). The hyponatremia correction rate was slower in the CTD group at 96 h after admission (p < 0.001). After the exclusion of diuretic co-medication, the HCTZ group (n = 64/135) showed a higher prevalence of ARBs, s-K (both p < 0.001), and a lower median (IQR) equipotent dose (12.5 (o) mg vs. 2.5 (1.2) mg), prevalence of ACE-I (p < 0.001), and eGFR (p = 0.03), when compared to the INDA group (n = 109/125). In conclusion, except for s-K, we observed no significant difference in biochemical and epidemiological profiles between HCTZ, INDA, and CTD. After excluding the influence of other diuretics, we observed higher s-K in the HCTZ group compared to the INDA group, potentially explained by the lower equipotent dose of HCTZ. The CTD group showed a statistically significant trend of slower hyponatremia correction.
- MeSH
- antihypertenziva škodlivé účinky MeSH
- chlorthalidon * škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- diuretika škodlivé účinky MeSH
- draslík krev MeSH
- hydrochlorthiazid * škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- hypertenze * farmakoterapie MeSH
- hyponatremie * chemicky indukované epidemiologie krev MeSH
- indapamid * škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- inhibitory symportérů pro chlorid sodný škodlivé účinky MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- MeSH
- hypertenze MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- odvykání kouření * MeSH
- posuzování pracovní neschopnosti MeSH
- umělá inteligence MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- výukové testy MeSH
This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To evaluate the effect on blood pressure - measured as changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) using standardised measurement methods - of substituting sodium salt with other edible salts (e.g. potassium chloride, magnesium chloride) in people with diabetes mellitus.
- MeSH
- chlorid draselný aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- chlorid hořečnatý aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- diabetes mellitus * MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hypertenze * dietoterapie MeSH
- krevní tlak * účinky léků MeSH
- kuchyňská sůl * aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension results from mechanical obstruction of major pulmonary artery lumina with fibrotic tissue. Main treatment has been pulmonary endarterectomy, a complex surgical procedure removing vascular obstruction. However, at least 40% of patients are not candidates for pulmonary endarterectomy because of technical inoperability, comorbidities, or limited access to surgery. Balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) has emerged as an interventional treatment for these patients. OBJECTIVES: The International BPA Registry (NCT03245268) was designed to investigate BPA practice across 18 established centers in the United States, Europe, and Japan. METHODS: A total of 500 patients were prospectively and consecutively enrolled between March 2018 and March 2020, with follow-up until March 2022. Of these, 484 patients were included in the analysis set. RESULTS: Regional differences were seen in patient characteristics (fewer patients with prior pulmonary endarterectomy and more elderly women in Japan) and procedural details (less medical pretreatment, more jugular access, more segments and more occlusive lesions treated per session and patient, less conscious sedation, less contrast and less radiation, shorter intervals between BPA sessions in Japan). Female sex, procedure in Europe/United States, pulmonary hypertension medications at any time, and higher baseline pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), calculated as transpulmonary pressure gradient divided by cardiac output, emerged as independent predictors of complications during BPA. After a median of 5 (Q1-Q3: 3-6) BPA sessions per patient within a median time of 4.9 months (Q1-Q3: 1.7-11.0 months), a 15-mm Hg (38%) decrease in mPAP, a 332 dynes/s/cm-5 (57%) decrease in PVR, and a 3.2% increase in arterial saturation (medians; P < 0.001) were observed, and there were significant improvements in functional class, 6-minute walk distance, serum levels of N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide, and Borg dyspnea index. BPA complications occurred in 11.3% of sessions and 33.9% of patients and were mostly hemoptyses. No patient died within 30 days of BPA. CONCLUSIONS: Our data are in line with previous reports on changes of clinical and hemodynamic parameters and complication rates of BPA. Centers with more experience providing BPAs were more likely to achieve a higher percentage decrease in PVR.
- MeSH
- arteria pulmonalis chirurgie MeSH
- balónková angioplastika * metody MeSH
- chronická nemoc MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- plicní embolie * komplikace chirurgie MeSH
- plicní hypertenze * etiologie chirurgie terapie patofyziologie MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- registrace * MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
- Japonsko MeSH
- Spojené státy americké MeSH
AIMS: To assess perceptions, motivations and barriers to treatment adherence depending on emotional, lifestyle, medical and non-adherence risk profiles in hypertensive patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: Cross-sectional data were obtained using an online anonymous survey. Four distinct global risk scores (medical, lifestyle, emotional and quality of life (QoL) and non-adherence risk scores) were calculated based on the responses to specific groups of questions. A total of 2615 treated hypertensive patients (≥18 years of age) from 5 European countries completed the questionnaire. Mean (SD) age was 69.6 years (5.8); 54% males. Overall, antihypertensive therapy represented a low burden in patients' daily life (2.9/10 in the Likert scale). Perfect self-reported adherence was claimed by 59.8% of participants. Reporting of non-adherence episodes to physicians was low (13% always/often). Participants with a high non-adherence risk score had a greater number of associated diseases (obesity, sleep disturbances, depression and cardiac complications), a higher treatment-associated burden on daily life, a greater stress level and more antihypertensive pills per day (p < 0.001 for all). No correlation was found between the clinical and lifestyle risk scores and the risk of non-adherence. The emotional score correlated significantly with the non-adherence risk score (p < 0.001). Comparing patients with a low/middle risk to those with a high risk of non-adherence, female gender and age >65 years were associated with a lower odd ratio of non-adherence whereas depression, stress, family hardships, negative information on drugs and poor information were associated with higher odds of non-adherence. CONCLUSIONS: This large survey reveals several underestimated issues regarding patients' perspective in hypertension. It highlights the impact of emotions, exposure to family hardships, and stress on the risk of non-adherence. Non-adherence is underreported by patients; hence it remains mostly unrecognised.
- MeSH
- adherence k farmakoterapii * psychologie MeSH
- antihypertenziva * terapeutické užití MeSH
- hypertenze * farmakoterapie psychologie epidemiologie MeSH
- kvalita života MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- motivace * MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- životní styl MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
Každý rok cestujú na palube komerčných leteckých spoločností takmer 2 miliardy ľudí. Poskytovatelia zdravotnej starostlivosti a cestujúci si musia byť vedomí potenciálnych zdravotných rizík spojených s leteckou dopravou. Zmeny vyplývajúce z troch zákonov o plynoch sa vyskytujú počas bežných komerčných letov, vedú najčastejšie k miernej hypoxii a expanzii plynu (riziko hypoxémie, barotraumy a dekompresie). Môžu sa zhoršiť chronické zdravotné stavy alebo vyvolať akútne zdravotné situácie počas letu. Súvislosť medzi venóznou tromboembóliou a diaľkovými letmi, trapping gas, jet lag a kvalitou vzduchu v kabíne sú rastúce problémy zdravotnej starostlivosti spojené s leteckou dopravou. Zdravotné ťažkosti počas letu sú čoraz častejšie, pretože rastúci počet jedincov (vrátane starších ľudí a detí) cestuje letecky s už existujúcimi zdravotnými problémami. Na palube komerčných lietadiel máme k dispozícii len prostriedky, ktoré pomáhajú posádke lietadla a dobrovoľným lekárom pri riadení núdzových zdravotných problémov počas letu. Spôsobilosť na cestovanie lietadlom je narastajúcim problémom, pretože mnohí cestujúci si neuvedomujú zdravotné dôsledky spojené s komerčnou leteckou dopravou. Od lekárov sa často očakáva, že identifikujú jednotlivcov nevhodných na cestovanie lietadlom a poskytnú im užitočné rady.
Almost 2 billion people travel aboard commercial airlines every year. Health-care providers and travellers need to be aware of the potential health risks associated with air travel. Changes resulting from three physical laws about gas occur during routine commercial flights. They lead most often to mild hypoxia and gas expansion (risk od hypoxemia, barotrauma and decompression), which can exacerbate chronic medical conditions or incite acute in-flight medical events. The association between venous thromboembolism and long-haul flights, trapping gas, jet lag, and cabin-air quality are growing health-care issues associated with air travel. In-flight medical events are increasingly frequent because a growing number of individuals (incl. elderly people and children) with pre-existing medical conditions travel by air. Resources are available onboard to assist flight crew and volunteering physicians in the management of in-flight medical emergencies. Fitness for air travel is a growing issue because many passengers are unaware of health implications associated with commercial air travel. Physicians are often expected to identify individuals unfit for air travel and give them useful advice.
