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Dominant psychoactive drugs in the Central European region: A wastewater study
T. Mackuľak, I. Bodík, J. Hasan, R. Grabic, O. Golovko, A. Vojs-Staňová, M. Gál, M. Naumowicz, J. Tichý, P. Brandeburová, J. Híveš,
Language English Country Ireland
Document type Journal Article
NLK
ProQuest Central
from 1997-02-07 to 2 months ago
Nursing & Allied Health Database (ProQuest)
from 1997-02-07 to 2 months ago
Health & Medicine (ProQuest)
from 1997-02-07 to 2 months ago
- MeSH
- Chromatography, Liquid MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Environmental Monitoring methods MeSH
- Substance Abuse Detection methods MeSH
- Wastewater chemistry MeSH
- Psychotropic Drugs analysis MeSH
- Tandem Mass Spectrometry MeSH
- Dronabinol analogs & derivatives analysis MeSH
- Illicit Drugs analysis MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Slovakia MeSH
The aim of this study was to analyze 26 various illicit drugs, psychopharmaceuticals and metabolites thereof in sewer from 17 selected wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the Slovak and Czech Republics. Urinary bio-markers used were analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled with the tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We then compared our results with data obtained in other parts of Europe and the world. The present study shows that the Slovak and Czech Republics have one of the highest methamphetamine consumption rates in Europe. Within Slovakia, the highest level of methamphetamine consumption was found in Dunajská Streda with the mean specific load of the drug in sewage being up to 479mg/day/1000 inhabitants; the next highest load was detected in Trnava (354mg/day/1000 inhabitants). The methamphetamine, ecstasy and cannabis consumptions in our study were comparable to those found in other European cities, whereas cocaine consumption was lower. Among all of the studied psychopharmaceuticals, tramadol and venlafaxine were represented in the highest concentrations. The highest mean specific load of tramadol was detected in the spa town of Piešťany (371mg/day/1000 inhabitants) and Košice (372mg/day/1000 inhabitants), while the highest mean loads of venlafaxine were recorded for the towns of Trenčín (230mg/day/1000 inhabitants) and Piešťany (108mg/day/1000 inhabitants).
References provided by Crossref.org
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