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Extreme genome diversity in the hyper-prevalent parasitic eukaryote Blastocystis
E. Gentekaki, BA. Curtis, CW. Stairs, V. Klimeš, M. Eliáš, DE. Salas-Leiva, EK. Herman, L. Eme, MC. Arias, B. Henrissat, F. Hilliou, MJ. Klute, H. Suga, SB. Malik, AW. Pightling, M. Kolisko, RA. Rachubinski, A. Schlacht, DM. Soanes, AD. Tsaousis,...
Jazyk angličtina Země Spojené státy americké
Typ dokumentu srovnávací studie, časopisecké články
NLK
Directory of Open Access Journals
od 2003
Free Medical Journals
od 2003
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
od 2003
PubMed Central
od 2003
Europe PubMed Central
od 2003
ProQuest Central
od 2003-10-01
Open Access Digital Library
od 2003-01-01
Open Access Digital Library
od 2003-10-01
Open Access Digital Library
od 2003-12-01
Open Access Digital Library
od 2003-01-01
Medline Complete (EBSCOhost)
od 2003-10-01
Health & Medicine (ProQuest)
od 2003-10-01
ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources
od 2003
- MeSH
- Blastocystis genetika metabolismus MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- genom protozoální * MeSH
- introny MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metabolismus sacharidů MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra MeSH
- terminační kodon MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Blastocystis is the most prevalent eukaryotic microbe colonizing the human gut, infecting approximately 1 billion individuals worldwide. Although Blastocystis has been linked to intestinal disorders, its pathogenicity remains controversial because most carriers are asymptomatic. Here, the genome sequence of Blastocystis subtype (ST) 1 is presented and compared to previously published sequences for ST4 and ST7. Despite a conserved core of genes, there is unexpected diversity between these STs in terms of their genome sizes, guanine-cytosine (GC) content, intron numbers, and gene content. ST1 has 6,544 protein-coding genes, which is several hundred more than reported for ST4 and ST7. The percentage of proteins unique to each ST ranges from 6.2% to 20.5%, greatly exceeding the differences observed within parasite genera. Orthologous proteins also display extreme divergence in amino acid sequence identity between STs (i.e., 59%-61% median identity), on par with observations of the most distantly related species pairs of parasite genera. The STs also display substantial variation in gene family distributions and sizes, especially for protein kinase and protease gene families, which could reflect differences in virulence. It remains to be seen to what extent these inter-ST differences persist at the intra-ST level. A full 26% of genes in ST1 have stop codons that are created on the mRNA level by a novel polyadenylation mechanism found only in Blastocystis. Reconstructions of pathways and organellar systems revealed that ST1 has a relatively complete membrane-trafficking system and a near-complete meiotic toolkit, possibly indicating a sexual cycle. Unlike some intestinal protistan parasites, Blastocystis ST1 has near-complete de novo pyrimidine, purine, and thiamine biosynthesis pathways and is unique amongst studied stramenopiles in being able to metabolize α-glucans rather than β-glucans. It lacks all genes encoding heme-containing cytochrome P450 proteins. Predictions of the mitochondrion-related organelle (MRO) proteome reveal an expanded repertoire of functions, including lipid, cofactor, and vitamin biosynthesis, as well as proteins that may be involved in regulating mitochondrial morphology and MRO/endoplasmic reticulum (ER) interactions. In sharp contrast, genes for peroxisome-associated functions are absent, suggesting Blastocystis STs lack this organelle. Overall, this study provides an important window into the biology of Blastocystis, showcasing significant differences between STs that can guide future experimental investigations into differences in their virulence and clarifying the roles of these organisms in gut health and disease.
Biosciences University of Exeter Exeter United Kingdom
College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Exeter United Kingdom
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
Department of Biology and Ecology Faculty of Science University of Ostrava Ostrava Czech Republic
Department of Cell Biology University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
Citace poskytuje Crossref.org
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