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The CLOSED trial; CLOnidine compared with midazolam for SEDation of paediatric patients in the intensive care unit: study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial
A. Neubert, MA. Baarslag, MV. Dijk, JV. Rosmalen, JF. Standing, Y. Sheng, W. Rascher, D. Roberts, J. Winslade, L. Rawcliffe, SM. Hanning, T. Metsvaht, V. Giannuzzi, P. Larsson, P. Pokorná, A. Simonetti, D. Tibboel, . ,
Language English Country England, Great Britain
Document type Comparative Study, Journal Article, Multicenter Study, Randomized Controlled Trial
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- MeSH
- Substance Withdrawal Syndrome MeSH
- Clonidine adverse effects pharmacokinetics therapeutic use MeSH
- Delirium chemically induced MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Hypnotics and Sedatives adverse effects pharmacokinetics therapeutic use MeSH
- Intensive Care Units MeSH
- Infant MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Midazolam adverse effects pharmacokinetics therapeutic use MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Analgesics, Opioid administration & dosage MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- Treatment Failure MeSH
- Respiration, Artificial MeSH
- Child Development drug effects MeSH
- Research Design * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Infant MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Multicenter Study MeSH
- Randomized Controlled Trial MeSH
- Comparative Study MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Sedation is an essential part of paediatric critical care. Midazolam, often in combination with opioids, is the current gold standard drug. However, as it is a far-from-ideal agent, clonidine is increasingly being used in children. This drug is prescribed off-label for this indication, as many drugs in paediatrics are. Therefore, the CLOSED trial aims to provide data on the pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy of clonidine for the sedation of mechanically ventilated patients in order to obtain a paediatric-use marketing authorisation. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The CLOSED study is a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, active-controlled non-inferiority trial with a 1:1 randomisation between clonidine and midazolam. Both treatment groups are stratified according to age in three groups with the same size: <28 days (n=100), 28 days to <2 years (n=100) and 2-18 years (n=100). The primary end point is defined as the occurrence of sedation failure within the study period. Secondary end points include a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship, pharmacogenetics, occurrence of delirium and withdrawal syndrome, opioid consumption and neurodevelopment in the neonatal age group. Logistic regression will be used for the primary end point, appropriate statistics will be used for the secondary end points. ETHICS: Written informed consent will be obtained from the parents/caregivers. Verbal or deferred consent will be used in the sites where national legislation allows. The study has institutional review board approval at recruiting sites. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and shared with the worldwide medical community. TRIAL REGISTRATION: EudraCT: 2014-003582-24; Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02509273; pre-results.
Clinic of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Tartu University Hospital Tartu Estonia
Clinical Trial Center Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital Rome Italy
Department of Biostatistics Erasmus MC Rotterdam The Netherlands
Department of Pediatrics 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Prague Czech Republic
Fondazione per la Ricerca Farmacologica Gianni Benzi onlus Valenzano Italy
Institute of Child Health University College London London United Kingdom
Therakind Ltd London United Kingdom
UCL School of Pharmacy University College London London United Kingdom
References provided by Crossref.org
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