OBJECTIVE: Statins are widely used drugs for cholesterol lowering, which were recently found to counteract the effects of aberrant fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR3) signaling in cell and animal models of FGFR3-related chondrodysplasia. This opened an intriguing therapeutic possibility for human dwarfing conditions caused by gain-of-function mutations in FGFR3, although the mechanism of statin action on FGFR3 remains unclear. Here, we determine the effect of statins on FGFR signaling in chondrocytes. DESIGN: Cultured chondrocyte cell lines, mouse embryonic tibia cultures and limb bud micromasses were treated with FGF2 to activate FGFR signaling. The effects of atorvastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin and pravastatin on FGFR3 protein stability and on FGFR-mediated chondrocyte growth-arrest, loss of extracellular matrix (ECM), induction of premature senescence and hypertrophic differentiation were evaluated. RESULTS: Statins did not alter the level of FGFR3 protein expression nor produce any effect on FGFR-mediated inhibition of chondrocyte proliferation and hypertrophic differentiation in cultured chondrocyte cell lines, mouse tibia cultures or limb bud micromasses. CONCLUSION: We conclude that statins do not inhibit the FGFR signaling in chondrocytes. Therefore the statin-mediated rescue of FGFR3-related chondrodysplasia, described before, is likely not intrinsic to the growth plate cartilage.

Department of Biology Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University 62500 Brno Czech Republic

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CA 90095 USA

Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics AS CR 60200 Brno Czech Republic

Institute of Experimental Biology Faculty of Sciences Masaryk University 62500 Brno Czech Republic

International Clinical Research Center St Anne's University Hospital 65691 Brno Czech Republic

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$a Fafilek, B $u Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, 65691, Brno, Czech Republic.

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$a Statins do not inhibit the FGFR signaling in chondrocytes / $c B. Fafilek, M. Hampl, N. Ricankova, I. Vesela, L. Balek, M. Kunova Bosakova, I. Gudernova, M. Varecha, M. Buchtova, P. Krejci,

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$a OBJECTIVE: Statins are widely used drugs for cholesterol lowering, which were recently found to counteract the effects of aberrant fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR3) signaling in cell and animal models of FGFR3-related chondrodysplasia. This opened an intriguing therapeutic possibility for human dwarfing conditions caused by gain-of-function mutations in FGFR3, although the mechanism of statin action on FGFR3 remains unclear. Here, we determine the effect of statins on FGFR signaling in chondrocytes. DESIGN: Cultured chondrocyte cell lines, mouse embryonic tibia cultures and limb bud micromasses were treated with FGF2 to activate FGFR signaling. The effects of atorvastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin and pravastatin on FGFR3 protein stability and on FGFR-mediated chondrocyte growth-arrest, loss of extracellular matrix (ECM), induction of premature senescence and hypertrophic differentiation were evaluated. RESULTS: Statins did not alter the level of FGFR3 protein expression nor produce any effect on FGFR-mediated inhibition of chondrocyte proliferation and hypertrophic differentiation in cultured chondrocyte cell lines, mouse tibia cultures or limb bud micromasses. CONCLUSION: We conclude that statins do not inhibit the FGFR signaling in chondrocytes. Therefore the statin-mediated rescue of FGFR3-related chondrodysplasia, described before, is likely not intrinsic to the growth plate cartilage.

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$a Hampl, M $u Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics AS CR, 60200, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.

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$a Ricankova, N $u Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.

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$a Vesela, I $u Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics AS CR, 60200, Brno, Czech Republic.

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$a Balek, L $u Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.

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$a Kunova Bosakova, M $u Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.

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$a Gudernova, I $u Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.

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$a Varecha, M $u Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, 65691, Brno, Czech Republic.

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$a Buchtova, M $u Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics AS CR, 60200, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.

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$a Krejci, P $u Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, 65691, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. Electronic address: krejcip@med.muni.cz.

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