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Viral discovery and diversity in trypanosomatid protozoa with a focus on relatives of the human parasite Leishmania
D. Grybchuk, NS. Akopyants, AY. Kostygov, A. Konovalovas, LF. Lye, DE. Dobson, H. Zangger, N. Fasel, A. Butenko, AO. Frolov, J. Votýpka, CM. d'Avila-Levy, P. Kulich, J. Moravcová, P. Plevka, IB. Rogozin, S. Serva, J. Lukeš, SM. Beverley, V. Yurchenko,
Language English Country United States
Document type Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
NLK
Free Medical Journals
from 1915 to 6 months ago
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PubMed Central
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from 1915-01-15
- MeSH
- Phylogeny MeSH
- Genetic Variation MeSH
- Host Specificity MeSH
- Euglenozoa Infections parasitology veterinary MeSH
- Host-Pathogen Interactions MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- RNA Viruses genetics isolation & purification MeSH
- Trypanosomatina virology MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural MeSH
Knowledge of viral diversity is expanding greatly, but many lineages remain underexplored. We surveyed RNA viruses in 52 cultured monoxenous relatives of the human parasite Leishmania (Crithidia and Leptomonas), as well as plant-infecting PhytomonasLeptomonas pyrrhocoris was a hotbed for viral discovery, carrying a virus (Leptomonas pyrrhocoris ostravirus 1) with a highly divergent RNA-dependent RNA polymerase missed by conventional BLAST searches, an emergent clade of tombus-like viruses, and an example of viral endogenization. A deep-branching clade of trypanosomatid narnaviruses was found, notable as Leptomonas seymouri bearing Narna-like virus 1 (LepseyNLV1) have been reported in cultures recovered from patients with visceral leishmaniasis. A deep-branching trypanosomatid viral lineage showing strong affinities to bunyaviruses was termed "Leishbunyavirus" (LBV) and judged sufficiently distinct to warrant assignment within a proposed family termed "Leishbunyaviridae" Numerous relatives of trypanosomatid viruses were found in insect metatranscriptomic surveys, which likely arise from trypanosomatid microbiota. Despite extensive sampling we found no relatives of the totivirus Leishmaniavirus (LRV1/2), implying that it was acquired at about the same time the Leishmania became able to parasitize vertebrates. As viruses were found in over a quarter of isolates tested, many more are likely to be found in the >600 unsurveyed trypanosomatid species. Viral loss was occasionally observed in culture, providing potentially isogenic virus-free lines enabling studies probing the biological role of trypanosomatid viruses. These data shed important insights on the emergence of viruses within an important trypanosomatid clade relevant to human disease.
Central European Institute of Technology Masaryk University 625 00 Brno Czech Republic
Department of Biochemistry University of Lausanne 1066 Epalinges Switzerland
Department of Molecular Microbiology Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis MO 63110
Life Science Research Centre Faculty of Science University of Ostrava 710 00 Ostrava Czech Republic
Veterinary Research Institute 621 00 Brno Czech Republic
Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences St Petersburg 199034 Russia
References provided by Crossref.org
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