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Legal situation and current practice of waste incineration bottom ash utilisation in Europe
D. Blasenbauer, F. Huber, J. Lederer, MJ. Quina, D. Blanc-Biscarat, A. Bogush, E. Bontempi, J. Blondeau, JM. Chimenos, H. Dahlbo, J. Fagerqvist, J. Giro-Paloma, O. Hjelmar, J. Hyks, J. Keaney, M. Lupsea-Toader, CJ. O'Caollai, K. Orupõld, T....
Jazyk angličtina Země Spojené státy americké
Typ dokumentu časopisecké články
- MeSH
- popel uhelný * MeSH
- spalování odpadů * MeSH
- tuhý odpad MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
- Norsko MeSH
- Švýcarsko MeSH
Almost 500 municipal solid waste incineration plants in the EU, Norway and Switzerland generate about 17.6 Mt/a of incinerator bottom ash (IBA). IBA contains minerals and metals. Metals are mostly separated and sold to the scrap market and minerals are either disposed of in landfills or utilised in the construction sector. Since there is no uniform regulation for IBA utilisation at EU level, countries developed own rules with varying requirements for utilisation. As a result from a cooperation network between European experts an up-to-date overview of documents regulating IBA utilisation is presented. Furthermore, this work highlights the different requirements that have to be considered. Overall, 51 different parameters for the total content and 36 different parameters for the emission by leaching are defined. An analysis of the defined parameter reveals that leaching parameters are significantly more to be considered compared to total content parameters. In order to assess the leaching behaviour nine different leaching tests, including batch tests, up-flow percolation tests and one diffusion test (monolithic materials) are in place. A further discussion of leaching parameters showed that certain countries took over limit values initially defined for landfills for inert waste and adopted them for IBA utilisation. The overall utilisation rate of IBA in construction works is approximately 54 wt%. It is revealed that the rate of utilisation does not necessarily depend on how well regulated IBA utilisation is, but rather seems to be a result of political commitment for IBA recycling and economically interesting circumstances.
Avfall Norge Øvre Vollgate 6 0158 Oslo Norway
Avfall Sverige Baltzarsgatan 25 211 36 Malmö Sweden
Danish Waste Solutions ApS Agern Allé 3 DK 2970 Hørsholm Denmark
ECN Part of TNO P O Box 15 1755 ZG Petten The Netherlands
Environmental Advisor Budapest Hungary
Indaver Ireland 4th Floor Block 1 Old Dunleary Road CO Dublin Dun Laoghaire Ireland
KU Leuven TC Materials Technology Group T Campus Andreas Vesaliusstraat 13 3000 Leuven Belgium
REACHLaw Ltd Vänrikinkuja 3 JK 21 02600 Espoo Finland
Thermo and Fluid Dynamics Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussels Belgium
Univ Grenoble Alpes Univ Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS Grenoble INP LEPMI 38000 Grenoble France
Univ Lyon INSA Lyon DEEP Laboratory EA 7429 F 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex France
Citace poskytuje Crossref.org
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- $a Blasenbauer, Dominik $u Christian Doppler Laboratory for Anthropogenic Resources, Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13/226, 1040 Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: dominik.blasenbauer@tuwien.ac.at.
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- $a Legal situation and current practice of waste incineration bottom ash utilisation in Europe / $c D. Blasenbauer, F. Huber, J. Lederer, MJ. Quina, D. Blanc-Biscarat, A. Bogush, E. Bontempi, J. Blondeau, JM. Chimenos, H. Dahlbo, J. Fagerqvist, J. Giro-Paloma, O. Hjelmar, J. Hyks, J. Keaney, M. Lupsea-Toader, CJ. O'Caollai, K. Orupõld, T. Pająk, FG. Simon, L. Svecova, M. Šyc, R. Ulvang, K. Vaajasaari, J. Van Caneghem, A. van Zomeren, S. Vasarevičius, K. Wégner, J. Fellner,
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- $a Almost 500 municipal solid waste incineration plants in the EU, Norway and Switzerland generate about 17.6 Mt/a of incinerator bottom ash (IBA). IBA contains minerals and metals. Metals are mostly separated and sold to the scrap market and minerals are either disposed of in landfills or utilised in the construction sector. Since there is no uniform regulation for IBA utilisation at EU level, countries developed own rules with varying requirements for utilisation. As a result from a cooperation network between European experts an up-to-date overview of documents regulating IBA utilisation is presented. Furthermore, this work highlights the different requirements that have to be considered. Overall, 51 different parameters for the total content and 36 different parameters for the emission by leaching are defined. An analysis of the defined parameter reveals that leaching parameters are significantly more to be considered compared to total content parameters. In order to assess the leaching behaviour nine different leaching tests, including batch tests, up-flow percolation tests and one diffusion test (monolithic materials) are in place. A further discussion of leaching parameters showed that certain countries took over limit values initially defined for landfills for inert waste and adopted them for IBA utilisation. The overall utilisation rate of IBA in construction works is approximately 54 wt%. It is revealed that the rate of utilisation does not necessarily depend on how well regulated IBA utilisation is, but rather seems to be a result of political commitment for IBA recycling and economically interesting circumstances.
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- $a Quina, Margarida J $u CIEPQPF- Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima - Polo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal.
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- $a Orupõld, Kaja $u Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51006 Tartu, Estonia.
- 700 1_
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- 700 1_
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- 700 1_
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