During interphase, the chromosomes of eukaryotes decondense and they occupy distinct regions of the nucleus, called chromosome domains or chromosome territories (CTs). In plants, the Rabl's configuration, with telomeres at one pole of nucleus and centromeres at the other, appears to be common, at least in plants with large genomes. It is unclear whether individual chromosomes of plants adopt defined, genetically determined addresses within the nucleus, as is the case in mammals. In this study, the nuclear disposition of alien rye and barley chromosomes and chromosome arm introgressions into wheat while using 3D-FISH in various somatic tissues was analyzed. All of the introgressed chromosomes showed Rabl's orientation, but their relative positions in the nuclei were less clear. While in most cases pairs of introgressed chromosomes occupied discrete positions, their association (proximity) along their entire lengths was rare, and partial association only marginally more frequent. This arrangement is relatively stable in various tissues and during various stages of the cell cycle. On the other hand, the length of a chromosome arm appears to play a role in its positioning in a nucleus: shorter chromosomes or chromosome arms tend to be located closer to the centre of the nucleus, while longer arms are more often positioned at the nuclear periphery.

Agricultural Institute Centre for Agricultural Research Hungarian Academy of Sciences H 2462 Martonvásár P O Box 19 Hungary

Department of Botany Faculty of Science Palacký University Olomouc Šlechtitelů 27 783 71 Olomouc Czech Republic

Department of Cell Biology Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research Faculty of Science Palacký University Olomouc Šlechtitelů 27 783 71 Olomouc Czech Republic

Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences Aberystwyth University Aberystwyth Ceredigion Wales SY23 3DA UK

Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research Šlechtitelů 31 78371 Olomouc Czech Republic

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