Innovation is a key determinant of sustainable growth. Biotechnology (BT) is one such industry that has witnessed a revolution in innovative ideas leading to the founding of many new companies based on providing products, solutions and services, stretching from the food industry to environmental remediation, and new medicines. BT holds much promise for the development of national and local economies, however, this requires a strategic approach involving actors within government, industry, and academia working in concert to maximize this potential. This first article reviews the current "state of play" in the field of BT within the Central Eastern European (CEE) countries. For the purposes of this article, CEE refers to the countries of Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia (the so-called Visegrad - V4 countries). We examine the components that support the creation and development of a BT sector in CEE and also highlight the barriers to these objectives. Clearly setting priorities for the countries' policy agenda, as well as the alignment of Smart Specialization Strategy will help to focus efforts. Recent investments in R&D infrastructure within CEE have been substantial, but conditions will need to be optimized to harness these largely European investments for effective use towards SME high-tech development.

CEITEC Central European Institute of Technology Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic

Department of Medical Genetics Erciyes University Kayseri Turkey

Department of Protein Biosynthesis Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Poznan Poland

Faculty of Horticulture Department of Biochemistry Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology University of Agriculture in Krakow Krakow Poland

Faculty of Natural Sciences Department of Biotechnology University of SS Cyril and Methodius in Trnava Trnava Slovakia

Faculty of Natural Sciences Department of Biotechnology University of SS Cyril and Methodius in Trnava Trnava Slovakia International Centre for Applied Research and Sustainable Technology Bratislava Slovakia

Faculty of Natural Sciences Department of Molecular Biology Comenius University Bratislava Slovakia Science Park Comenius University Bratislava Slovakia

Life Sciences Glasgow Caledonian University Glasgow UK

Research Institute of Agricultural Economics Budapest Hungary

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$a Innovation is a key determinant of sustainable growth. Biotechnology (BT) is one such industry that has witnessed a revolution in innovative ideas leading to the founding of many new companies based on providing products, solutions and services, stretching from the food industry to environmental remediation, and new medicines. BT holds much promise for the development of national and local economies, however, this requires a strategic approach involving actors within government, industry, and academia working in concert to maximize this potential. This first article reviews the current "state of play" in the field of BT within the Central Eastern European (CEE) countries. For the purposes of this article, CEE refers to the countries of Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia (the so-called Visegrad - V4 countries). We examine the components that support the creation and development of a BT sector in CEE and also highlight the barriers to these objectives. Clearly setting priorities for the countries' policy agenda, as well as the alignment of Smart Specialization Strategy will help to focus efforts. Recent investments in R&D infrastructure within CEE have been substantial, but conditions will need to be optimized to harness these largely European investments for effective use towards SME high-tech development.

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$a Miertuš, Stanislav $u Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, University of SS. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Trnava, Slovakia. International Centre for Applied Research and Sustainable Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia.

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