Parasites comprise a huge part of the biodiversity on earth. However, on a local scale, not much is known about their diversity and community structure. Here, we assess the diversity of larval trematode communities in an interconnected freshwater system of the River Ruhr in Germany and analyse how the parasites are spatially and temporally distributed in the ecosystem. A total of 5347 snail hosts belonging to six species revealed a highly diverse parasite fauna with 36 trematode species. More abundant snail species harboured more species-rich trematode faunas and communities, with the two dominant snail species, Radix auricularia and Gyraulus albus, accounting for almost 90% of the trematode diversity and harbouring spatially and temporally stable parasite communities. The results highlight the important role of stable keystone host populations for trematode transmission, structure and diversity. This local trematode diversity reveals information on definitive host occurrence and trophic interactions within ecosystems.

Department of Aquatic Ecology University of Duisburg Essen 45141 Essen Germany

Department of Aquatic Ecology University of Duisburg Essen 45141 Essen Germany Department of Biology Aquatic Biology Aarhus University 8000 Aarhus C Denmark

Department of Aquatic Ecology University of Duisburg Essen 45141 Essen Germany Department of Zoology University of Johannesburg Johannesburg South Africa

Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 2 Gagarin Street 1113 Sofia Bulgaria

Institute of Parasitology Biology Centre Czech Academy of Sciences 37005 České Budějovice Czech Republic

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