Cough is one of the most important defensive reflexes. However, extensive non- productive cough is a harmful mechanism leading to the damage of human airways. Cough is initiated by activation of vagal afferents in the airways. The site of their convergence is particularly the nucleus of the solitary tract (nTS). The second-order neurons terminate in the pons, medulla and spinal cord and there is also the cortical and subcortical control of coughing.Upper airway cough syndrome (UACS) - previously postnasal drip syndrome - is one of the most common causes of chronic cough together with asthma and gastroesophageal reflux. The main mechanisms leading to cough in patients with nasal and sinus diseases are postnasal drip, direct irritation of nasal mucosa, inflammation in the lower airways, upper airway inflammation and the cough reflex sensitization. The cough demonstrated by UACS patients is probably due to hypersensitivity of the upper airways sensory nerve or lower airways sensory nerve, or a combination of both. Further studies are needed to clarify this mechanism.

Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin Comenius University in Bratislava University Hospital in Martin Martin Slovak Republic

Clinic of Pediatric Respiratory Diseases and Tuberculosis in National Institute of Pediatric Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases in Dolny Smokovec Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin Comenius University in Bratislava

Department of Pathological Physiology Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin Comenius University in Bratislava Martin Slovak Republic

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