Autor si do jedného textu vybral dve zdanlivo nesúvisiace molekuly. Obe však súvisia s liečbou alkoholovej závislosti. V histórii alebo v iných krajinách zohrali pri liečbe svoju rolu, Slovenska sa však priamo nedotkli a mohli by sme ich v tejto indikácii považovať za okrajové. Karoverin ako spazmolytikum sa v menšej miere skúmal aj v liečbe tinnitu a postvirotickej anosmie. Je to blokátor vápnikových kanálov a kompetitívny antagonista AMPA a pri vyšších koncentráciách nekompetitívny antagonista NMDA receptorov. V polovici minulého stročia bol vyprodukovaný v Rakúsku. Tam sa aj skúmal a využíval, uplatnil sa ako prídavná liečba odvykacieho stavu na obmedzené - niekoľkotýždňové obdobie v kombinácii s akamprosátom. Kyselina gama-hydroxymaslová (GHB) je mastná kyselina s krátkym reťazcom. V CNS sa GHB viaže na receptory GHB a GABA-B. In vivo sú medzi sebou GABA a GHB reverzibilne metabolizované. Viaceré klinické štúdie preukázali, že 50 – 100 mg/kg/deň GHB rozdeleného do troch až šiestich denných dávok dokáže potlačiť abstinenčné príznaky pri závislosti od alkoholu a uľahčuje udržanie abstinencie od alkoholu. V poslednom období sa tejto problematike venoval Caputo (Ferrara). Reaktivita na GHB závisí aj od subtypu alkoholovej závislosti. Prax s GHB sa viaže na Taliansko a Rakúsko.

The author chase two seemingly unrelated molecules in one text. However, both are related to the treatment of alcohol dependence. In history or in other countries, they have played a role in the treatment, hut they did not directly affect Slovakia. We could consider them marginal in this indication. Caroverine as an antispasmodic has also been studied to a lesser extent in the treatment of tinnitus and post-viral olfactory loss. It is a calcium channel blocker and a competitive antagonist of AMPA and at higher concentrations a non-competitive NMDA antagonist. It was produced in Austria in the middle of the last century. There, it was also studied and used, it was applied as an additional treatment for withdrawal for a limited - several weeks period in combination with acamprosate. Gamma-hydroxybutanoic acid (GHB) is a short chain fatty acid. In the CNS, GHB binds to GHB and GABA-B receptors. In vivo, GABA and GHB are reversibly metabolized between each other. Several clinical studies have shown that 50-100 mg/kg/day of GHB in three to six daily doses can suppress alcohol-related withdrawal symptoms and facilitate the maintenance of alcohol withdrawal. Recently, Caputo (Ferrara) has addressed this issue. Reactivity to GHB also depends on the alcohol dependence subtype. The GHB practice is linked to Italy and Austria.

ADDICT spol s r o Nitra

Caroverine and GHB in the treatment of alcohol dependence

Literatura