BACKGROUND: Higher adiposity increases the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), but whether this relationship varies by anatomical sub-site or by sex is unclear. Further, the metabolic alterations mediating the effects of adiposity on CRC are not fully understood. METHODS: We examined sex- and site-specific associations of adiposity with CRC risk and whether adiposity-associated metabolites explain the associations of adiposity with CRC. Genetic variants from genome-wide association studies of body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR, unadjusted for BMI; N = 806,810), and 123 metabolites from targeted nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics (N = 24,925), were used as instruments. Sex-combined and sex-specific Mendelian randomization (MR) was conducted for BMI and WHR with CRC risk (58,221 cases and 67,694 controls in the Genetics and Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer Consortium, Colorectal Cancer Transdisciplinary Study, and Colon Cancer Family Registry). Sex-combined MR was conducted for BMI and WHR with metabolites, for metabolites with CRC, and for BMI and WHR with CRC adjusted for metabolite classes in multivariable models. RESULTS: In sex-specific MR analyses, higher BMI (per 4.2 kg/m2) was associated with 1.23 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.08, 1.38) times higher CRC odds among men (inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) model); among women, higher BMI (per 5.2 kg/m2) was associated with 1.09 (95% CI = 0.97, 1.22) times higher CRC odds. WHR (per 0.07 higher) was more strongly associated with CRC risk among women (IVW OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.08, 1.43) than men (IVW OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.81, 1.36). BMI or WHR was associated with 104/123 metabolites at false discovery rate-corrected P ≤ 0.05; several metabolites were associated with CRC, but not in directions that were consistent with the mediation of positive adiposity-CRC relations. In multivariable MR analyses, associations of BMI and WHR with CRC were not attenuated following adjustment for representative metabolite classes, e.g., the univariable IVW OR for BMI with CRC was 1.12 (95% CI = 1.00, 1.26), and this became 1.11 (95% CI = 0.99, 1.26) when adjusting for cholesterol in low-density lipoprotein particles. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that higher BMI more greatly raises CRC risk among men, whereas higher WHR more greatly raises CRC risk among women. Adiposity was associated with numerous metabolic alterations, but none of these explained associations between adiposity and CRC. More detailed metabolomic measures are likely needed to clarify the mechanistic pathways.

Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group American Cancer Society Atlanta GA USA

Biomedicine Institute University of León León Spain

Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Cambridge MA USA

Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA

Cancer Epidemiology Division Cancer Council Victoria Melbourne Victoria Australia

Cancer Immunology and Cancer Epidemiology Programs Dana Farber Harvard Cancer Center Boston MA USA

Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC USA

Center for Public Health Genomics University of Virginia Charlottesville VA USA

Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics Melbourne School of Population and Global Health The University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia

Centre for Public Health Research Massey University Wellington New Zealand

Channing Division of Network Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA

CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública Madrid Spain

Clalit National Cancer Control Center Haifa Israel

Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA

Clinical Genetics Service Department of Medicine Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA

Colorectal Oncogenomics Group Department of Clinical Pathology The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia

Department of Biostatistics University of Washington Seattle WA USA

Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics and the Comprehensive Cancer Center The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA

Department of Clinical Genetics Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden

Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain

Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center Haifa Israel

Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Imperial College London Norfolk Place London UK

Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health Imperial College London London UK

Department of Epidemiology Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health Boston MA USA

Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD USA

Department of Epidemiology University of Washington School of Public Health Seattle WA USA

Department of Epidemiology University of Washington Seattle WA USA

Department of Family Medicine University of Virginia Charlottesville VA USA

Department of General Surgery University Hospital Rostock Rostock Germany

Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology University of Ioannina School of Medicine Ioannina Greece

Department of Internal Medicine University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA

Department of Medicine 1 University Hospital Dresden Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany

Department of Medicine and Epidemiology University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh PA USA

Department of Medicine Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute Cedars Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles CA USA

Department of Medicine Weill Cornell Medical College New York NY USA

Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic

Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden

Department of Preventive Medicine and USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA

Department of Preventive Medicine Chonnam National University Medical School Gwangju South Korea

Department of Preventive Medicine Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA

Department of Radiation Sciences Oncology Unit Umeå University Umeå Sweden

Discipline of Genetics Memorial University of Newfoundland St John's Canada

Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA

Division of Cancer Epidemiology German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany

Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany

Division of Epidemiology Department of Medicine Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA

Division of Gastroenterology Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA

Division of Human Genetics Department of Internal Medicine The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center Columbus OH USA

Division of Human Nutrition and Health Wageningen University and Research Wageningen The Netherlands

Division of Preventive Oncology German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany

Division of Research Kaiser Permanente Northern California Oakland CA USA

Epidemiology Research Program American Cancer Society Atlanta GA USA

Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen Charles University Pilsen Czech Republic

Gastroenterology Department Hospital Clínic Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain

Genomic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic The Royal Melbourne Hospital Parkville Victoria Australia

German Cancer Consortium Heidelberg Germany

Health Sciences Centre University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand

Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Population Health Sciences University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA

Institute for Health Research Kaiser Permanente Colorado Denver CO USA

Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic

Institute of Cancer Research Department of Medicine 1 Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria

Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden

Jeonnam Regional Cancer Center Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital Hwasun South Korea

Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands

Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology University of Leeds Leeds UK

Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute Mount Sinai Hospital University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada

MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol Oakfield House Bristol UK

Nutrition and Metabolism Section International Agency for Research on Cancer World Health Organization Lyon France

ONCOBEL Program Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute L'Hospitalet de Llobregat Barcelona Spain

Oncology Data Analytics Program Catalan Institute of Oncology IDIBELL L'Hospitalet de Llobregat Barcelona Spain

Population Health Sciences Bristol Medical School University of Bristol Bristol UK

Precision Medicine School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia

Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology Department of Pathology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA

Public Health Directorate Asturias Spain

Public Health Sciences Division Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle WA USA

Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine Technion Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel

School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of Bristol Bristol UK

School of Public Health University of Washington Seattle WA USA

Service de Génétique Médicale Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes Nantes France

SWOG Statistical Center Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle WA USA

University Cancer Centre Hamburg University Medical Centre Hamburg Eppendorf Hamburg Germany

University of Hawaii Cancer Center Honolulu HI USA

University of Southern California Preventative Medicine CA Los Angeles USA

University of Washington Seattle WA USA

Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research Parkville Victoria Australia

Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine Umeå University Umeå Sweden

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$a Adiposity, metabolites, and colorectal cancer risk: Mendelian randomization study / $c CJ. Bull, JA. Bell, N. Murphy, E. Sanderson, G. Davey Smith, NJ. Timpson, BL. Banbury, D. Albanes, SI. Berndt, S. Bézieau, DT. Bishop, H. Brenner, DD. Buchanan, A. Burnett-Hartman, G. Casey, S. Castellví-Bel, AT. Chan, J. Chang-Claude, AJ. Cross, A. de la Chapelle, JC. Figueiredo, SJ. Gallinger, SM. Gapstur, GG. Giles, SB. Gruber, A. Gsur, J. Hampe, H. Hampel, TA. Harrison, M. Hoffmeister, L. Hsu, WY. Huang, JR. Huyghe, MA. Jenkins, CE. Joshu, TO. Keku, T. Kühn, SS. Kweon, L. Le Marchand, CI. Li, L. Li, A. Lindblom, V. Martín, AM. May, RL. Milne, V. Moreno, PA. Newcomb, K. Offit, S. Ogino, AI. Phipps, EA. Platz, JD. Potter, C. Qu, JR. Quirós, G. Rennert, E. Riboli, LC. Sakoda, C. Schafmayer, RE. Schoen, ML. Slattery, CM. Tangen, KK. Tsilidis, CM. Ulrich, FJB. van Duijnhoven, B. van Guelpen, K. Visvanathan, P. Vodicka, L. Vodickova, H. Wang, E. White, A. Wolk, MO. Woods, AH. Wu, PT. Campbell, W. Zheng, U. Peters, EE. Vincent, MJ. Gunter

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$a BACKGROUND: Higher adiposity increases the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), but whether this relationship varies by anatomical sub-site or by sex is unclear. Further, the metabolic alterations mediating the effects of adiposity on CRC are not fully understood. METHODS: We examined sex- and site-specific associations of adiposity with CRC risk and whether adiposity-associated metabolites explain the associations of adiposity with CRC. Genetic variants from genome-wide association studies of body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR, unadjusted for BMI; N = 806,810), and 123 metabolites from targeted nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics (N = 24,925), were used as instruments. Sex-combined and sex-specific Mendelian randomization (MR) was conducted for BMI and WHR with CRC risk (58,221 cases and 67,694 controls in the Genetics and Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer Consortium, Colorectal Cancer Transdisciplinary Study, and Colon Cancer Family Registry). Sex-combined MR was conducted for BMI and WHR with metabolites, for metabolites with CRC, and for BMI and WHR with CRC adjusted for metabolite classes in multivariable models. RESULTS: In sex-specific MR analyses, higher BMI (per 4.2 kg/m2) was associated with 1.23 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.08, 1.38) times higher CRC odds among men (inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) model); among women, higher BMI (per 5.2 kg/m2) was associated with 1.09 (95% CI = 0.97, 1.22) times higher CRC odds. WHR (per 0.07 higher) was more strongly associated with CRC risk among women (IVW OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.08, 1.43) than men (IVW OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.81, 1.36). BMI or WHR was associated with 104/123 metabolites at false discovery rate-corrected P ≤ 0.05; several metabolites were associated with CRC, but not in directions that were consistent with the mediation of positive adiposity-CRC relations. In multivariable MR analyses, associations of BMI and WHR with CRC were not attenuated following adjustment for representative metabolite classes, e.g., the univariable IVW OR for BMI with CRC was 1.12 (95% CI = 1.00, 1.26), and this became 1.11 (95% CI = 0.99, 1.26) when adjusting for cholesterol in low-density lipoprotein particles. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that higher BMI more greatly raises CRC risk among men, whereas higher WHR more greatly raises CRC risk among women. Adiposity was associated with numerous metabolic alterations, but none of these explained associations between adiposity and CRC. More detailed metabolomic measures are likely needed to clarify the mechanistic pathways.

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700    1_

$a Bell, Joshua A $u MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol, UK ; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK

700    1_

$a Murphy, Neil $u Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France

700    1_

$a Sanderson, Eleanor $u MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol, UK ; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK

700    1_

$a Davey Smith, George $u MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol, UK ; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK

700    1_

$a Timpson, Nicholas J $u MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol, UK ; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK

700    1_

$a Banbury, Barbara L $u Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA

700    1_

$a Albanes, Demetrius $u Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

700    1_

$a Berndt, Sonja I $u Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

700    1_

$a Bézieau, Stéphane $u Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, France

700    1_

$a Bishop, D Timothy $u Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK

700    1_

$a Brenner, Hermann $u Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany ; Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany ; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany

700    1_

$a Buchanan, Daniel D $u Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia ; Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia ; Genomic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia

700    1_

$a Burnett-Hartman, Andrea $u Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Denver, CO, USA

700    1_

$a Casey, Graham $u Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA

700    1_

$a Castellví-Bel, Sergi $u Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

700    1_

$a Chan, Andrew T $u Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA ; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA ; Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA ; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA

700    1_

$a Chang-Claude, Jenny $u Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany ; University Cancer Centre Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

700    1_

$a Cross, Amanda J $u Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, UK

700    1_

$a de la Chapelle, Albert $u Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics and the Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA

700    1_

$a Figueiredo, Jane C $u Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA $u Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

700    1_

$a Gallinger, Steven J $u Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

700    1_

$a Gapstur, Susan M $u Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA

700    1_

$a Giles, Graham G $u Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia $u Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia $u Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia

700    1_

$a Gruber, Stephen B $u Department of Preventive Medicine & USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

700    1_

$a Gsur, Andrea $u Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria

700    1_

$a Hampe, Jochen $u Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden), Dresden, Germany

700    1_

$a Hampel, Heather $u Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA

700    1_

$a Harrison, Tabitha A $u Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA

700    1_

$a Hoffmeister, Michael $u Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany

700    1_

$a Hsu, Li $u Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA $u Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

700    1_

$a Huang, Wen-Yi $u Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

700    1_

$a Huyghe, Jeroen R $u Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA

700    1_

$a Jenkins, Mark A $u Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

700    1_

$a Joshu, Corinne E $u Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA

700    1_

$a Keku, Temitope O $u Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

700    1_

$a Kühn, Tilman $u Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany

700    1_

$a Kweon, Sun-Seog $u Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea $u Jeonnam Regional Cancer Center, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea

700    1_

$a Le Marchand, Loic $u University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA

700    1_

$a Li, Christopher I $u Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA

700    1_

$a Li, Li $u Department of Family Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA

700    1_

$a Lindblom, Annika $u Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden $u Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

700    1_

$a Martín, Vicente $u CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain $u Biomedicine Institute (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain

700    1_

$a May, Anne M $u Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands

700    1_

$a Milne, Roger L $u Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia $u Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia $u Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia

700    1_

$a Moreno, Victor $u CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain $u Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain $u Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain $u ONCOBEL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain

700    1_

$a Newcomb, Polly A $u Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA $u School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

700    1_

$a Offit, Kenneth $u Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA $u Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA

700    1_

$a Ogino, Shuji $u Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA $u Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA $u Cancer Immunology and Cancer Epidemiology Programs, Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA $u Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA

700    1_

$a Phipps, Amanda I $u Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA $u Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

700    1_

$a Platz, Elizabeth A $u Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA

700    1_

$a Potter, John D $u Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA $u University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA $u Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand $u Health Sciences Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand

700    1_

$a Qu, Conghui $u Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA

700    1_

$a Quirós, J Ramón $u Public Health Directorate, Asturias, Spain

700    1_

$a Rennert, Gad $u Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel $u Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel $u Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Haifa, Israel

700    1_

$a Riboli, Elio $u Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK

700    1_

$a Sakoda, Lori C $u Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA $u Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA

700    1_

$a Schafmayer, Clemens $u Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Rostock, Rostock, Germany

700    1_

$a Schoen, Robert E $u Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

700    1_

$a Slattery, Martha L $u Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA

700    1_

$a Tangen, Catherine M $u SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA

700    1_

$a Tsilidis, Kostas K $u Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK $u Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece

700    1_

$a Ulrich, Cornelia M $u Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA

700    1_

$a van Duijnhoven, Fränzel J B $u Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands

700    1_

$a van Guelpen, Bethany $u Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden $u Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

700    1_

$a Visvanathan, Kala $u Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA

700    1_

$a Vodicka, Pavel $u Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic $u Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic $u Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic

700    1_

$a Vodickova, Ludmila $u Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic $u Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic $u Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic

700    1_

$a Wang, Hansong $u University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA

700    1_

$a White, Emily $u Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA $u Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA

700    1_

$a Wolk, Alicja $u Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

700    1_

$a Woods, Michael O $u Discipline of Genetics, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Canada

700    1_

$a Wu, Anna H $u University of Southern California, Preventative Medicine, CA, Los Angeles, USA

700    1_

$a Campbell, Peter T $u Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA

700    1_

$a Zheng, Wei $u Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA

700    1_

$a Peters, Ulrike $u Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA

700    1_

$a Vincent, Emma E $u MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol, UK $u Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK $u School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK

700    1_

$a Gunter, Marc J $u Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France

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LZP    __

$a Pubmed-20210420