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Biomedical application of chitosan-based nanoscale delivery systems: Potential usefulness in siRNA delivery for cancer therapy

M. Ashrafizadeh, M. Delfi, F. Hashemi, A. Zabolian, H. Saleki, M. Bagherian, N. Azami, MV. Farahani, SO. Sharifzadeh, S. Hamzehlou, K. Hushmandi, P. Makvandi, A. Zarrabi, MR. Hamblin, RS. Varma

. 2021 ; 260 (-) : 117809. [pub] 20210216

Language English Country Great Britain

Document type Journal Article, Review

Persistent link   https://www.medvik.cz/link/bmc21018605

Gene therapy is an emerging and promising strategy in cancer therapy where small interfering RNA (siRNA) system has been deployed for down-regulation of targeted gene and subsequent inhibition in cancer progression; some issues with siRNA, however, linger namely, its off-targeting property and degradation by enzymes. Nanoparticles can be applied for the encapsulation of siRNA thus enhancing its efficacy in gene silencing where chitosan (CS), a linear alkaline polysaccharide derived from chitin, with superb properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, stability and solubility, can play a vital role. Herein, the potential of CS nanoparticles has been discussed for the delivery of siRNA in cancer therapy; proliferation, metastasis and chemoresistance are suppressed by siRNA-loaded CS nanoparticles, especially the usage of pH-sensitive CS nanoparticles. CS nanoparticles can provide a platform for the co-delivery of siRNA and anti-tumor agents with their enhanced stability via chemical modifications. As pre-clinical experiments are in agreement with potential of CS-based nanoparticles for siRNA delivery, and these carriers possess biocompatibiliy and are safe, further studies can focus on evaluating their utilization in cancer patients.

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$a Gene therapy is an emerging and promising strategy in cancer therapy where small interfering RNA (siRNA) system has been deployed for down-regulation of targeted gene and subsequent inhibition in cancer progression; some issues with siRNA, however, linger namely, its off-targeting property and degradation by enzymes. Nanoparticles can be applied for the encapsulation of siRNA thus enhancing its efficacy in gene silencing where chitosan (CS), a linear alkaline polysaccharide derived from chitin, with superb properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, stability and solubility, can play a vital role. Herein, the potential of CS nanoparticles has been discussed for the delivery of siRNA in cancer therapy; proliferation, metastasis and chemoresistance are suppressed by siRNA-loaded CS nanoparticles, especially the usage of pH-sensitive CS nanoparticles. CS nanoparticles can provide a platform for the co-delivery of siRNA and anti-tumor agents with their enhanced stability via chemical modifications. As pre-clinical experiments are in agreement with potential of CS-based nanoparticles for siRNA delivery, and these carriers possess biocompatibiliy and are safe, further studies can focus on evaluating their utilization in cancer patients.
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$a Delfi, Masoud $u Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
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$a Hashemi, Farid $u PhD Student of Pharmacology, Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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$a Zabolian, Amirhossein $u Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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$a Azami, Negar $u Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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$a Hamzehlou, Soodeh $u Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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$a Hushmandi, Kiavash $u Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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$a Makvandi, Pooyan $u Centre for Materials Interface, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Pontedera 56025, Pisa, Italy
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$a Zarrabi, Ali $u Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: alizarrabi@sabanciuniv.edu
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$a Hamblin, Michael R $u Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa. Electronic address: Hamblin.lab@gmail.com
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$a Varma, Rajender S $u Regional Center of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic. Electronic address: Varma.Rajender@epa.gov
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