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Maternal and perinatal outcomes in high compared to low risk pregnancies complicated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection (phase 2): the World Association of Perinatal Medicine working group on coronavirus disease 2019
F. D'Antonio, C. Sen, DD. Mascio, A. Galindo, C. Villalain, I. Herraiz, R. Arisoy, A. Ovayolu, H. Eroğlu, MG. Canales, S. Ladella, L. Cojocaru, O. Turan, S. Turan, E. Hadar, NA. Brzezinski-Sinai, S. Dollinger, O. Uyaniklar, SR. Ocakouglu, Z....
Language English Country United States
Document type Journal Article, Multicenter Study
- MeSH
- COVID-19 * MeSH
- Pregnancy Complications, Infectious * diagnosis MeSH
- Intensive Care Units, Neonatal MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Retrospective Studies MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
- Pregnancy MeSH
- Pregnancy Outcome * epidemiology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Pregnancy MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Multicenter Study MeSH
- Geographicals
- Asia MeSH
- Australia MeSH
- Europe MeSH
- South America MeSH
BACKGROUND: It has still to be ascertained whether severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in pregnancy is associated with worse maternal and fetal outcomes compared to low risk gestations. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate maternal and perinatal outcomes in high- and low-risk pregnancies complicated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. STUDY DESIGN: This was a multinational retrospective cohort study involving women with laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection from 76 centers from 25 countries in Europe, the United States, South America, Asia, and Australia from April 4, 2020, to October 28, 2020. The primary outcome was a composite measure of maternal mortality and morbidity, including admission to the intensive care unit, use of mechanical ventilation, or death. The secondary outcome was a composite measure of adverse perinatal outcome, including miscarriage, fetal loss, neonatal and perinatal death, and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit. All outcomes were assessed in high- and low-risk pregnancies. Pregnancies were considered high risk in case of either preexisting chronic medical conditions in pregnancy or obstetrical disorders occurring in pregnancy. The Fisher exact test and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: A total of 887 singleton pregnancies who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction of nasal and pharyngeal swab specimens were included in the study. The risk of composite adverse maternal outcomes was higher in high-risk pregnancies than in low-risk pregnancies (odds ratio, 1.52; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-2.24; P=.035). In addition, women carrying high-risk pregnancies were at higher risk of hospital admission (odds ratio, 1.48; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-2.04; P=.002), presence of severe respiratory symptoms (odds ratio, 2.13; 95% confidence interval, 0.41-3.21; P=.001), admission to the intensive care unit (odds ratio, 2.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.42-4.88), and invasive mechanical ventilation (odds ratio, 2.65; 95% confidence interval, 1.19-5.94; P=.002). When exploring perinatal outcomes, high-risk pregnancies were at high risk of adverse perinatal outcomes (odds ratio, 1.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.15-2.72; P=.009). However, such association was mainly because of the higher incidence of miscarriage in high-risk pregnancies compared with that in low-risk pregnancies (5.3% vs 1.6%, P=.008); furthermore, there was no difference in other explored outcomes between the 2 study groups. At logistic regression analysis, maternal age (odds ratio, 1.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.22; P=.023) and high-risk pregnancy (odds ratio, 4.21; 95% confidence interval, 3.90-5.11; P<.001) were independently associated with adverse maternal outcomes. CONCLUSION: High-risk pregnancies complicated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection were at higher risk of adverse maternal outcomes than low-risk pregnancies complicated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection.
ABC Medical Center Mexico City Mexico
Alexandra Hospital National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
Alvaro Cunqueiro University Hospital of Vigo Vigo Spain
Assistência Obstétrica do Grupo Perinatal Rio de Janeiro Brazil
Batman Maternity and Child Health Hospital Batman Turkey
Bursa City Hospital Bursa Turkey
Campus Bio Medico University of Rome Rome Italy
Cengiz Gokcek Women's and Children's Hospital Gaziantep Turkey
Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas Norberto Quirno Buenos Aires Argentina
Clínica del Country Bogotá Colombia
Community Medical Centers University of California San Francisco Fresno Fresno CA
Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia Hospital Universitário Polydoro Ernani Santiago Brazil
Departamento De Ginecologia Y Obstetricia Centro Medico La Paz De Bata Bata Guinea Ecuatorial
Department Gynecology and Obstetrics Fornaroli Hospital Magenta Italy
Department of Anaesthesia Lyell McEwin Hospital Adelaide Australia
Department of Neonatology Obstetrics and Gynecology University Hospital Sofia Bulgaria
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hasanuddin University Makassar Indonesia
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Sanko University School of Medicine Gaziantep Turkey
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Sant'Anna Hospital University of Turin Turin Italy
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Dicle Diyarbakır Turkey
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Parma Parma Italy
Department of Perinatal Medicine Memorial Hospital Istanbul Turkey
División Obstetricia Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín Buenos Aires Argentina
Division of Neonatology Hospital Clínico San Carlos Madrid Spain
Düzce University Medicine Faculty Department of Perinatology Düzce Turkey
Fetal Medicine Unit Di Venere Hospital Bari Italy
Hisar Intercontinental Hospital Instanbul Turkey
Hospital Angeles Lomas Mexico City Mexico
Hospital Clinico San Jose Chile Santiago Chile
Hospital Juan A Fernandez Buenos Argentina
Hospital Raul F Larcade Buenos Aires Argentina
Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Malaga Spain
Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol Barcelona Spain
Hospital Universitario de Móstoles Mostoles Spain
Hospital Virgen De La Luz Cuenca Spain
Instituto de MedFetal e Diagnóstico por Imagem do Amazonas Manausi Brazil
Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal Lima Peru
Karaman Public Hospital Karaman Turkey
KBC Dr Dragisa Misovic Dedinje Belgrade Serbia
National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics Gynecology and Perinatology Moscow Russia
Ospedale Generale Regionale F Miulli Acquaviva delle Fonti Italy
Ostetricia e Ginecologia Universitaria Ospedale S Anna e S Sebastiano Caserta Italy
Perinatal Medicine Foundation Department of Perinatal Medicine Memorial Hospital Istanbul Turkey
Regional Hospital Gjakova Kosovo Republic of Kosovo
Sakarya University Education and Research Hospital Sakarya Turkey
Servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe Valencia Spain
Sulochana clinic Kolkata India
Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology Ospedale Maggiore Bologna Italy
Universitatea de Medicină și Farmacie Grigore T Popa Iași Iasi Romania
University Clinic Hospital of Valladolid Valladolid Spain
University Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology Skopje North Macedonia
University Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology Sofia Bulgaria
University Of Health Sciences Umraniye Training And Research Hospital Turkey Istanbul
References provided by Crossref.org
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- $a D'Antonio, Francesco $u Centre for High-Risk Pregnancy and Fetal Care, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy (Dr D'Antonio). Electronic address: francesco.dantonio@unich.it
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- $a Maternal and perinatal outcomes in high compared to low risk pregnancies complicated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection (phase 2): the World Association of Perinatal Medicine working group on coronavirus disease 2019 / $c F. D'Antonio, C. Sen, DD. Mascio, A. Galindo, C. Villalain, I. Herraiz, R. Arisoy, A. Ovayolu, H. Eroğlu, MG. Canales, S. Ladella, L. Cojocaru, O. Turan, S. Turan, E. Hadar, NA. Brzezinski-Sinai, S. Dollinger, O. Uyaniklar, SR. Ocakouglu, Z. Atak, T. Premru-Srsen, L. Kornhauser-Cerar, M. Druškovič, L. Ples, R. Gündüz, E. Ağaçayak, JA. Schvartzman, MN. Malbran, M. Liberati, FD. Sebastiano, L. Oronzi, C. Cerra, D. Buca, A. Cagnacci, A. Ramone, F. Barra, A. Carosso, C. Benedetto, S. Cosma, A. Pintiaux, C. Daelemans, E. Costa, A. Özel, M. Muhçu, JSJ. Lopez, C. Alvarado, AL. Piqueras, DE. Oliva, GBL. Schera, N. Volpe, T. Frusca, I. Samardjiski, S. Simeonova, IA. Papestiev, J. Hojman, I. Turkcuoglu, A. Cromi, AS. Laganà, F. Ghezzi, A. Sirico, A. Familiari, G. Scambia, ZKGT. Sukhikh, KA. Gorina, RAM. de Sa, M. Vaz, OHM. Feuerschuette, AND. Gatta, A. Youssef, GD. Donna, A. Martinez-Varea, G. Loscalzo, J. Morales Roselló, V. Stefanovic, I. Nupponen, K. Nelskylä, R. Ayala, RG. Molpeceres, AP. Vázquez, F. Sandri, I. Cataneo, M. Lenzi, ET. Haberal, E. Huertas, A. Sanchez, P. Arango, A. Bermejo, MMG. Alcantara, G. Göynümer, E. Okuyan, C. Madalina, AC. Guisan, AM. Schulte, V. Esposito, V. De Robertis, S. Zdjelar, M. Lackovic, S. Mihajlovic, N. Jekova, G. Saccone, MM. Aslan, MCD. Dedda, M. Chalid, JEM. Canache, G. Daskalakis, P. Antsaklis, EC. Vega, E. Cueto, C. Taccaliti, Y. Aykanat, Ş. Özlem Genç, B. Froessler, PA. Radulova, D. Morano, B. Bianchi, MGL. Marino, G. Meccariello, B. Rohatgi, A. Schiattarella, M. Morlando, N. Colacurci, A. Villasco, N. Biglia, ALS. Marques, A. Gatti, D. Luvero, R. Angioli, A. Pittaro, A. Lila, B. Zlatohlávková, On the behalf of the World Association of Perinatal Medicine working group on coronavirus disease 2019
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- $a BACKGROUND: It has still to be ascertained whether severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in pregnancy is associated with worse maternal and fetal outcomes compared to low risk gestations. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate maternal and perinatal outcomes in high- and low-risk pregnancies complicated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. STUDY DESIGN: This was a multinational retrospective cohort study involving women with laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection from 76 centers from 25 countries in Europe, the United States, South America, Asia, and Australia from April 4, 2020, to October 28, 2020. The primary outcome was a composite measure of maternal mortality and morbidity, including admission to the intensive care unit, use of mechanical ventilation, or death. The secondary outcome was a composite measure of adverse perinatal outcome, including miscarriage, fetal loss, neonatal and perinatal death, and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit. All outcomes were assessed in high- and low-risk pregnancies. Pregnancies were considered high risk in case of either preexisting chronic medical conditions in pregnancy or obstetrical disorders occurring in pregnancy. The Fisher exact test and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: A total of 887 singleton pregnancies who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction of nasal and pharyngeal swab specimens were included in the study. The risk of composite adverse maternal outcomes was higher in high-risk pregnancies than in low-risk pregnancies (odds ratio, 1.52; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-2.24; P=.035). In addition, women carrying high-risk pregnancies were at higher risk of hospital admission (odds ratio, 1.48; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-2.04; P=.002), presence of severe respiratory symptoms (odds ratio, 2.13; 95% confidence interval, 0.41-3.21; P=.001), admission to the intensive care unit (odds ratio, 2.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.42-4.88), and invasive mechanical ventilation (odds ratio, 2.65; 95% confidence interval, 1.19-5.94; P=.002). When exploring perinatal outcomes, high-risk pregnancies were at high risk of adverse perinatal outcomes (odds ratio, 1.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.15-2.72; P=.009). However, such association was mainly because of the higher incidence of miscarriage in high-risk pregnancies compared with that in low-risk pregnancies (5.3% vs 1.6%, P=.008); furthermore, there was no difference in other explored outcomes between the 2 study groups. At logistic regression analysis, maternal age (odds ratio, 1.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.22; P=.023) and high-risk pregnancy (odds ratio, 4.21; 95% confidence interval, 3.90-5.11; P<.001) were independently associated with adverse maternal outcomes. CONCLUSION: High-risk pregnancies complicated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection were at higher risk of adverse maternal outcomes than low-risk pregnancies complicated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection.
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- $a Sen, Cihat $u Perinatal Medicine Foundation, Department of Perinatal Medicine, Memorial Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey (Dr Sen)
- 700 1_
- $a Mascio, Daniele Di $u Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (Dr Mascio)
- 700 1_
- $a Galindo, Alberto $u Fetal Medicine Unit, Maternal and Child Health and Development Network, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain (Dr Galindo, Dr Villalain, and Dr Herraiz)
- 700 1_
- $a Villalain, Cecilia $u Fetal Medicine Unit, Maternal and Child Health and Development Network, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain (Dr Galindo, Dr Villalain, and Dr Herraiz)
- 700 1_
- $a Herraiz, Ignacio $u Fetal Medicine Unit, Maternal and Child Health and Development Network, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain (Dr Galindo, Dr Villalain, and Dr Herraiz)
- 700 1_
- $a Arisoy, Resul $u Department of Perinatal Medicine, Memorial Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey (Dr Arisoy)
- 700 1_
- $a Ovayolu, Ali $u Cengiz Gokcek Women's and Children's Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey (Dr Ovayolu and Dr Eroğlu)
- 700 1_
- $a Eroğlu, Hasan $u Cengiz Gokcek Women's and Children's Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey (Dr Ovayolu and Dr Eroğlu)
- 700 1_
- $a Canales, Manuel Guerra $u Hospital Clinico San Jose, Chile Santiago, Chile (Dr Canales)
- 700 1_
- $a Ladella, Subhashini $u Community Medical Centers, University of California, San Francisco Fresno, Fresno, CA (Dr Ladella)
- 700 1_
- $a Cojocaru, Liviu $u Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD (Dr Cojocaru, Dr O Turan, and Dr S Turan)
- 700 1_
- $a Turan, Ozhan $u Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD (Dr Cojocaru, Dr O Turan, and Dr S Turan)
- 700 1_
- $a Turan, Sifa $u Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD (Dr Cojocaru, Dr O Turan, and Dr S Turan)
- 700 1_
- $a Hadar, Eran $u Petach-Tikva and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Rabin Medical Center, Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel (Dr Hadar, Dr Brzezinski-Sinai, and Dr Dollinger)
- 700 1_
- $a Brzezinski-Sinai, Noa A $u Petach-Tikva and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Rabin Medical Center, Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel (Dr Hadar, Dr Brzezinski-Sinai, and Dr Dollinger)
- 700 1_
- $a Dollinger, Sarah $u Petach-Tikva and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Rabin Medical Center, Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel (Dr Hadar, Dr Brzezinski-Sinai, and Dr Dollinger)
- 700 1_
- $a Uyaniklar, Ozlem $u Bursa City Hospital, Bursa, Turkey (Dr Uyaniklar, Dr Ocakouglu, and Dr Atak)
- 700 1_
- $a Ocakouglu, Sakine Rahimli $u Bursa City Hospital, Bursa, Turkey (Dr Uyaniklar, Dr Ocakouglu, and Dr Atak)
- 700 1_
- $a Atak, Zeliha $u Bursa City Hospital, Bursa, Turkey (Dr Uyaniklar, Dr Ocakouglu, and Dr Atak)
- 700 1_
- $a Premru-Srsen, Tanja $u Medical Faculty, Department of Perinatology, University Medical Center, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (Dr Premru-Srsen, Dr Kornhauser-Cerar, and Dr Druškovič)
- 700 1_
- $a Kornhauser-Cerar, Lilijana $u Medical Faculty, Department of Perinatology, University Medical Center, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (Dr Premru-Srsen, Dr Kornhauser-Cerar, and Dr Druškovič)
- 700 1_
- $a Druškovič, Mirjam $u Medical Faculty, Department of Perinatology, University Medical Center, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (Dr Premru-Srsen, Dr Kornhauser-Cerar, and Dr Druškovič)
- 700 1_
- $a Ples, Liana $u Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint John Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Romania (Dr Ples)
- 700 1_
- $a Gündüz, Reyhan $u Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Dicle, Diyarbakır, Turkey (Dr Gündüz and Dr Ağaçayak)
- 700 1_
- $a Ağaçayak, Elif $u Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Dicle, Diyarbakır, Turkey (Dr Gündüz and Dr Ağaçayak)
- 700 1_
- $a Schvartzman, Javier Alfonso $u Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno," Buenos Aires, Argentina (Dr Schvartzman and Dr Malbran)
- 700 1_
- $a Malbran, Mercedes Negri $u Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno," Buenos Aires, Argentina (Dr Schvartzman and Dr Malbran)
- 700 1_
- $a Liberati, Marco $u Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre for High-Risk Pregnancy and Fetal Care, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy (Dr Liberati, Dr Sebastiano, Dr Oronzi, Dr Cerra, and Dr Buca)
- 700 1_
- $a Sebastiano, Francesca Di $u Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre for High-Risk Pregnancy and Fetal Care, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy (Dr Liberati, Dr Sebastiano, Dr Oronzi, Dr Cerra, and Dr Buca)
- 700 1_
- $a Oronzi, Ludovica $u Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre for High-Risk Pregnancy and Fetal Care, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy (Dr Liberati, Dr Sebastiano, Dr Oronzi, Dr Cerra, and Dr Buca)
- 700 1_
- $a Cerra, Chiara $u Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre for High-Risk Pregnancy and Fetal Care, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy (Dr Liberati, Dr Sebastiano, Dr Oronzi, Dr Cerra, and Dr Buca)
- 700 1_
- $a Buca, Danilo $u Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre for High-Risk Pregnancy and Fetal Care, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy (Dr Liberati, Dr Sebastiano, Dr Oronzi, Dr Cerra, and Dr Buca)
- 700 1_
- $a Cagnacci, Angelo $u Academic Unit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy (Dr Cagnacci, Dr Ramone, and Dr Barra)
- 700 1_
- $a Ramone, Arianna $u Academic Unit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy (Dr Cagnacci, Dr Ramone, and Dr Barra)
- 700 1_
- $a Barra, Fabio $u Academic Unit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy (Dr Cagnacci, Dr Ramone, and Dr Barra)
- 700 1_
- $a Carosso, Andrea $u Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sant'Anna Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy (Dr Carosso, Dr Benedetto, and Dr Cosma)
- 700 1_
- $a Benedetto, Chiara $u Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sant'Anna Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy (Dr Carosso, Dr Benedetto, and Dr Cosma)
- 700 1_
- $a Cosma, Stefano $u Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sant'Anna Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy (Dr Carosso, Dr Benedetto, and Dr Cosma)
- 700 1_
- $a Pintiaux, Axelle $u Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Erasme, Cliniques Universitaires de Bruxells, Brussels, Belgium (Dr Pintiaux, Dr Daelemans, and Dr Costa)
- 700 1_
- $a Daelemans, Caroline $u Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Erasme, Cliniques Universitaires de Bruxells, Brussels, Belgium (Dr Pintiaux, Dr Daelemans, and Dr Costa)
- 700 1_
- $a Costa, Elena $u Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Erasme, Cliniques Universitaires de Bruxells, Brussels, Belgium (Dr Pintiaux, Dr Daelemans, and Dr Costa)
- 700 1_
- $a Özel, Ayşegül $u University Of Health Sciences, Umraniye Training And Research Hospital, Turkey, Istanbul (Dr Özel and Dr Muhçu)
- 700 1_
- $a Muhçu, Murat $u University Of Health Sciences, Umraniye Training And Research Hospital, Turkey, Istanbul (Dr Özel and Dr Muhçu)
- 700 1_
- $a Lopez, Jesús S Jimenez $u Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Malaga, Spain (Dr Lopez)
- 700 1_
- $a Alvarado, Clara $u Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia (Dr Alvarado)
- 700 1_
- $a Piqueras, Anna Luengo $u Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Piqueras and Dr Oliva)
- 700 1_
- $a Oliva, Dolores Esteban $u Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Piqueras and Dr Oliva)
- 700 1_
- $a Schera, Giovanni Battista Luca $u Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy (Dr Schera, Dr Volpe, and Dr Frusca)
- 700 1_
- $a Volpe, Nicola $u Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy (Dr Schera, Dr Volpe, and Dr Frusca)
- 700 1_
- $a Frusca, Tiziana $u Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy (Dr Schera, Dr Volpe, and Dr Frusca)
- 700 1_
- $a Samardjiski, Igor $u University Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Skopje, North Macedonia (Dr Samardjiski, Dr Simeonava, and Dr Papestiev)
- 700 1_
- $a Simeonova, Slagjana $u University Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Skopje, North Macedonia (Dr Samardjiski, Dr Simeonava, and Dr Papestiev)
- 700 1_
- $a Papestiev, Irena Aleksioska $u University Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Skopje, North Macedonia (Dr Samardjiski, Dr Simeonava, and Dr Papestiev)
- 700 1_
- $a Hojman, Javier $u División Obstetricia/Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín," Buenos Aires, Argentina (Dr Hojman)
- 700 1_
- $a Turkcuoglu, Ilgin $u Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sanko University School of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey (Dr Turkcuoglu)
- 700 1_
- $a Cromi, Antonella $u Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Filippo Del Ponte" Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy (Dr Cromi, Dr Laganà, and Dr Ghezzi)
- 700 1_
- $a Laganà, Antonio Simone $u Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Filippo Del Ponte" Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy (Dr Cromi, Dr Laganà, and Dr Ghezzi)
- 700 1_
- $a Ghezzi, Fabio $u Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Filippo Del Ponte" Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy (Dr Cromi, Dr Laganà, and Dr Ghezzi)
- 700 1_
- $a Sirico, Angelo $u Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (Dr Sirico, Dr Familiari, and Dr Scambia)
- 700 1_
- $a Familiari, Alessandra $u Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (Dr Sirico, Dr Familiari, and Dr Scambia)
- 700 1_
- $a Scambia, Giovanni $u Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (Dr Sirico, Dr Familiari, and Dr Scambia)
- 700 1_
- $a Sukhikh, Zulfiya Khodjaeva Gennady T $u National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia (Dr Sukhikh and Dr Gorina)
- 700 1_
- $a Gorina, Ksenia A $u National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia (Dr Sukhikh and Dr Gorina)
- 700 1_
- $a de Sa, Renato Augusto Moreira $u Assistência Obstétrica do Grupo Perinatal, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Dr de Sa and Dr Vaz)
- 700 1_
- $a Vaz, Mariana $u Assistência Obstétrica do Grupo Perinatal, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Dr de Sa and Dr Vaz)
- 700 1_
- $a Feuerschuette, Otto Henrique May $u Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Hospital Universitário Polydoro Ernani, Santiago, Brazil (Dr Feuerschuette)
- 700 1_
- $a Gatta, Anna Nunzia Della $u Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (Dr Gatta, Dr Youssef, and Dr Donna)
- 700 1_
- $a Youssef, Aly $u Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (Dr Gatta, Dr Youssef, and Dr Donna)
- 700 1_
- $a Donna, Gaetana Di $u Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (Dr Gatta, Dr Youssef, and Dr Donna)
- 700 1_
- $a Martinez-Varea, Alicia $u Servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain (Dr Martinez-Varea, Dr Loscalzo, and Dr Roselló)
- 700 1_
- $a Loscalzo, Gabriela $u Servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain (Dr Martinez-Varea, Dr Loscalzo, and Dr Roselló)
- 700 1_
- $a Morales Roselló, José $u Servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain (Dr Martinez-Varea, Dr Loscalzo, and Dr Roselló)
- 700 1_
- $a Stefanovic, Vedran $u Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Neonatology and Intensive Care, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (Dr Stefanovic, Dr Nupponen, and Dr Nelskylä)
- 700 1_
- $a Nupponen, Irmeli $u Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Neonatology and Intensive Care, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (Dr Stefanovic, Dr Nupponen, and Dr Nelskylä)
- 700 1_
- $a Nelskylä, Kaisa $u Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Neonatology and Intensive Care, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (Dr Stefanovic, Dr Nupponen, and Dr Nelskylä)
- 700 1_
- $a Ayala, Rodrigo $u ABC Medical Center, Mexico City, Mexico (Dr Ayala)
- 700 1_
- $a Molpeceres, Rebeca Garrote $u University Clinic Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Dr Molpeceres and Dr Vázquez)
- 700 1_
- $a Vázquez, Asunción Pino $u University Clinic Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Dr Molpeceres and Dr Vázquez)
- 700 1_
- $a Sandri, Fabrizio $u Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna, Italy (Dr Sandri, Dr Cataneo, and Dr Lenzi)
- 700 1_
- $a Cataneo, Ilaria $u Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna, Italy (Dr Sandri, Dr Cataneo, and Dr Lenzi)
- 700 1_
- $a Lenzi, Marinella $u Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna, Italy (Dr Sandri, Dr Cataneo, and Dr Lenzi)
- 700 1_
- $a Haberal, Esra Tustas $u Hisar Intercontinental Hospital, Instanbul, Turkey (Dr Haberal)
- 700 1_
- $a Huertas, Erasmo $u Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal, Lima, Peru (Dr Huertas, Dr Sanchez, and Dr Arango)
- 700 1_
- $a Sanchez, Amadeo $u Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal, Lima, Peru (Dr Huertas, Dr Sanchez, and Dr Arango)
- 700 1_
- $a Arango, Pedro $u Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal, Lima, Peru (Dr Huertas, Dr Sanchez, and Dr Arango)
- 700 1_
- $a Bermejo, Amanda $u Hospital Universitario de Móstoles, Mostoles, Spain (Dr Bermejo)
- 700 1_
- $a Alcantara, María Monica Gonzalez $u Hospital Juan A. Fernandez, Buenos, Argentina (Dr Alcantara)
- 700 1_
- $a Göynümer, Gökhan $u Düzce University Medicine Faculty, Department of Perinatology, Düzce, Turkey (Dr Göynümer)
- 700 1_
- $a Okuyan, Erhan $u Batman Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Batman, Turkey (Dr Okuyan)
- 700 1_
- $a Madalina, Ciuhodaru $u Universitatea de Medicină și Farmacie Grigore T. Popa Iași, Iasi, Romania (Dr Madalina)
- 700 1_
- $a Guisan, Ana Concheiro $u Alvaro Cunqueiro University Hospital of Vigo, Vigo, Spain (Dr Guisan)
- 700 1_
- $a Schulte, Alejandra Martínez $u Hospital Angeles Lomas, Mexico City, Mexico (Dr Schulte)
- 700 1_
- $a Esposito, Valentina $u University of Milan, Milan, Italy (Dr Esposito)
- 700 1_
- $a De Robertis, Valentina $u Fetal Medicine Unit, Di Venere Hospital, Bari, Italy (Dr Robertis)
- 700 1_
- $a Zdjelar, Snezana $u KBC Dr Dragisa Misovic Dedinje Belgrade, Serbia (Dr Zdjelar, Dr Lackovic, and Dr Mihajlovic)
- 700 1_
- $a Lackovic, Milan $u KBC Dr Dragisa Misovic Dedinje Belgrade, Serbia (Dr Zdjelar, Dr Lackovic, and Dr Mihajlovic)
- 700 1_
- $a Mihajlovic, Sladjana $u KBC Dr Dragisa Misovic Dedinje Belgrade, Serbia (Dr Zdjelar, Dr Lackovic, and Dr Mihajlovic)
- 700 1_
- $a Jekova, Nelly $u Department of Neonatology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (Dr Jekova)
- 700 1_
- $a Saccone, Gabriele $u Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (Dr Saccone)
- 700 1_
- $a Aslan, Mehmet Musa $u Sakarya University Education and Research Hospital, Sakarya, Turkey (Dr Aslan)
- 700 1_
- $a Dedda, Maria Carmela Di $u Department Gynecology and Obstetrics, Fornaroli Hospital, Magenta, Italy (Dr Dedda)
- 700 1_
- $a Chalid, Maisuri $u Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia (Dr Chalid)
- 700 1_
- $a Canache, Jose Enrique Moros $u Departamento De Ginecologia Y Obstetricia, Centro Medico La Paz De Bata, Bata, Guinea Ecuatorial (Dr Canache)
- 700 1_
- $a Daskalakis, George $u Alexandra Hospital - National and Kapodistrian, University of Athens, Athens, Greece (Dr Daskalakis and Dr Antsaklis)
- 700 1_
- $a Antsaklis, Panos $u Alexandra Hospital - National and Kapodistrian, University of Athens, Athens, Greece (Dr Daskalakis and Dr Antsaklis)
- 700 1_
- $a Vega, Enrique Criado $u Division of Neonatology, Hospital Clínico "San Carlos," Madrid, Spain (Dr Vega)
- 700 1_
- $a Cueto, Elisa $u Hospital Virgen De La Luz, Cuenca, Spain (Dr Cueto)
- 700 1_
- $a Taccaliti, Chiara $u Ospedale Generale Regionale "F. Miulli," Acquaviva delle Fonti, Italy (Dr Taccaliti)
- 700 1_
- $a Aykanat, Yeliz $u Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey (Dr Aykanat)
- 700 1_
- $a Özlem Genç, Şerife $u Karaman Public Hospital, Karaman, Turkey (Dr Genç)
- 700 1_
- $a Froessler, Bernd $u Department of Anaesthesia, Lyell McEwin Hospital, Adelaide, Australia (Dr Froessler)
- 700 1_
- $a Radulova, Petya Angelova $u University Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sofia, Bulgaria (Dr Radulova)
- 700 1_
- $a Morano, Danila $u Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Medical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Sant' Anna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (Dr Morano, Dr Bianchi, and Dr Marino)
- 700 1_
- $a Bianchi, Beatrice $u Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Medical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Sant' Anna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (Dr Morano, Dr Bianchi, and Dr Marino)
- 700 1_
- $a Marino, Maria Giulia Lombana $u Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Medical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Sant' Anna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (Dr Morano, Dr Bianchi, and Dr Marino)
- 700 1_
- $a Meccariello, Gabriella $u Ostetricia e Ginecologia Universitaria - Ospedale S.Anna e S.Sebastiano, Caserta, Italy (Dr Meccariello)
- 700 1_
- $a Rohatgi, Bindu $u Sulochana clinic, Kolkata India (Dr Rohatgi)
- 700 1_
- $a Schiattarella, Antonio $u Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy (Dr Schiattarella, Dr Morlando, and Dr Colacurci)
- 700 1_
- $a Morlando, Maddalena $u Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy (Dr Schiattarella, Dr Morlando, and Dr Colacurci)
- 700 1_
- $a Colacurci, Nicola $u Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy (Dr Schiattarella, Dr Morlando, and Dr Colacurci)
- 700 1_
- $a Villasco, Andrea $u Academic Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mauriziano Umberto I Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy (Dr Villasco and Dr Biglia)
- 700 1_
- $a Biglia, Nicoletta $u Academic Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mauriziano Umberto I Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy (Dr Villasco and Dr Biglia)
- 700 1_
- $a Marques, Ana Luiza Santos $u Instituto de MedFetal e Diagnóstico por Imagem do Amazonas, Manausi, Brazil (Dr Marques)
- 700 1_
- $a Gatti, Alessandra $u Campus Bio Medico, University of Rome, Rome, Italy (Dr Gatti, Dr Luvero, and Dr Angioli)
- 700 1_
- $a Luvero, Daniela $u Campus Bio Medico, University of Rome, Rome, Italy (Dr Gatti, Dr Luvero, and Dr Angioli)
- 700 1_
- $a Angioli, Roberto $u Campus Bio Medico, University of Rome, Rome, Italy (Dr Gatti, Dr Luvero, and Dr Angioli)
- 700 1_
- $a Pittaro, Alejandro $u Hospital Raul F. Larcade, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Dr Pittaro)
- 700 1_
- $a Lila, Albert $u Regional Hospital Gjakova, Kosovo, Republic of Kosovo (Dr Lila)
- 700 1_
- $a Zlatohlávková, Blanka $u Division of Neonatology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital in Prague and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic (Dr Zlatohlávková)
- 710 2_
- $a On the behalf of the World Association of Perinatal Medicine working group on coronavirus disease 2019
- 773 0_
- $w MED00208296 $t American journal of obstetrics & gynecology MFM $x 2589-9333 $g Roč. 3, č. 4 (2021), s. 100329
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- 910 __
- $a ABA008 $b sig $c sign $y p $z 0
- 990 __
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- 991 __
- $a 20211026133837 $b ABA008
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