BACKGROUND: Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with cortical and subcortical structural brain abnormalities. It is unclear whether such alterations progressively change over time, and how this is related to the number of mood episodes. To address this question, we analyzed a large and diverse international sample with longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical data to examine structural brain changes over time in BD. METHODS: Longitudinal structural MRI and clinical data from the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta Analysis) BD Working Group, including 307 patients with BD and 925 healthy control subjects, were collected from 14 sites worldwide. Male and female participants, aged 40 ± 17 years, underwent MRI at 2 time points. Cortical thickness, surface area, and subcortical volumes were estimated using FreeSurfer. Annualized change rates for each imaging phenotype were compared between patients with BD and healthy control subjects. Within patients, we related brain change rates to the number of mood episodes between time points and tested for effects of demographic and clinical variables. RESULTS: Compared with healthy control subjects, patients with BD showed faster enlargement of ventricular volumes and slower thinning of the fusiform and parahippocampal cortex (0.18

Barcelona Bipolar Disorders and Depressive Unit Hospital Clínic Institute of Neurosciences Barcelona Spain

Benito Menni CASM Barcelona Spain

Bjørknes College Oslo Norway

Center for Mind Brain and Behavior University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University of Giessen Giessen Germany

Center for Psychiatric Research Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services Stockholm County Council Stockholm Sweden

Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences National University of Ireland Galway Ireland

Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental Barcelona Spain

Clinic for Radiology University of Münster Münster Germany

Complex Trait Genetics Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands

Deakin University the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation School of Medicine Barwon Health Geelong Victoria Australia

Department of Clinical Neuroscience Centre for Psychiatric Research Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden

Department of Clinical Neuroscience Osher Center Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden

Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden

Department of Neurology Division of Clinical Neuroscience Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway

Department of Neurology Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway

Department of Psychiatric Research Diakonhjemmet Hospital Oslo Norway

Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Section for C L Psychiatry and Psychosomatics Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway

Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Philipps University Marburg Marburg Germany

Department of Psychiatry Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia

Department of Psychiatry Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany

Department of Psychiatry The University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia

Department of Psychiatry University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center Utrecht University Utrecht the Netherlands

Department of Psychiatry University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada

Department of Psychology University of Oslo Oslo Norway

Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia

Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health Vancouver British Columbia Canada

Early Psychosis Interventions and Clinical detection lab Department of Psychosis Studies Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London United Kingdom

FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation Barcelona Spain

Hospital general de Granollers Barcelona Spain

Imaging Genetics Center Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics University of Southern California Los Angeles California

Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer Barcelona Spain

Institute for Translational Psychiatry University of Münster Münster Germany

Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway

Institute of Medical Imaging and Visualisation Bournemouth University Bournemouth United Kingdom

Karolinska University Hospital Department of Neuroradiology Stockholm Sweden

KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway

Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore

National Institute of Mental Health Klecany Czech Republic

Neuroscience Research Australia Sydney New South Wales Australia

Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research Division of Mental Health and Addiction Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway

Orygen the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health Centre for Youth Mental Health Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry the University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia

Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology Unit Division of Neuroscience IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Milano Italy

School of Medical Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia

School of Psychiatry University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia

Signal Processing Laboratory École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland

Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health School of Psychological Science and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia

Unit of Psychosomatic and CL Psychiatry Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway

University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain

University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico

University Vita Salute San Raffaele Milano Italy

West Region Institute of Mental Health Singapore Singapore

Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore

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$a Abé, Christoph $u Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: christoph.abe@ki.se

245    10

$a Longitudinal Structural Brain Changes in Bipolar Disorder: A Multicenter Neuroimaging Study of 1232 Individuals by the ENIGMA Bipolar Disorder Working Group / $c C. Abé, CRK. Ching, B. Liberg, AV. Lebedev, I. Agartz, TN. Akudjedu, M. Alda, D. Alnæs, S. Alonso-Lana, F. Benedetti, M. Berk, E. Bøen, CDM. Bonnin, F. Breuer, K. Brosch, RM. Brouwer, EJ. Canales-Rodríguez, DM. Cannon, Y. Chye, A. Dahl, O. Dandash, U. Dannlowski, K. Dohm, T. Elvsåshagen, L. Fisch, JM. Fullerton, JM. Goikolea, D. Grotegerd, B. Haatveit, T. Hahn, T. Hajek, W. Heindel, M. Ingvar, K. Sim, TTJ. Kircher, RK. Lenroot, UF. Malt, C. McDonald, SR. McWhinney, I. Melle, T. Meller, EMT. Melloni, PB. Mitchell, L. Nabulsi, I. Nenadić, N. Opel, BJ. Overs, F. Panicalli, JK. Pfarr, S. Poletti, E. Pomarol-Clotet, J. Radua, J. Repple, KG. Ringwald, G. Roberts, E. Rodriguez-Cano, R. Salvador, K. Sarink, S. Sarró, S. Schmitt, F. Stein, C. Suo, SI. Thomopoulos, G. Tronchin, E. Vieta, LT. Westlye, AG. White, LN. Yatham, N. Zak, PM. Thompson, OA. Andreassen, M. Landén, ENIGMA Bipolar Disorder Working Group

520    9_

$a BACKGROUND: Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with cortical and subcortical structural brain abnormalities. It is unclear whether such alterations progressively change over time, and how this is related to the number of mood episodes. To address this question, we analyzed a large and diverse international sample with longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical data to examine structural brain changes over time in BD. METHODS: Longitudinal structural MRI and clinical data from the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta Analysis) BD Working Group, including 307 patients with BD and 925 healthy control subjects, were collected from 14 sites worldwide. Male and female participants, aged 40 ± 17 years, underwent MRI at 2 time points. Cortical thickness, surface area, and subcortical volumes were estimated using FreeSurfer. Annualized change rates for each imaging phenotype were compared between patients with BD and healthy control subjects. Within patients, we related brain change rates to the number of mood episodes between time points and tested for effects of demographic and clinical variables. RESULTS: Compared with healthy control subjects, patients with BD showed faster enlargement of ventricular volumes and slower thinning of the fusiform and parahippocampal cortex (0.18 <d < 0.22). More (hypo)manic episodes were associated with faster cortical thinning, primarily in the prefrontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS: In the hitherto largest longitudinal MRI study on BD, we did not detect accelerated cortical thinning but noted faster ventricular enlargements in BD. However, abnormal frontocortical thinning was observed in association with frequent manic episodes. Our study yields insights into disease progression in BD and highlights the importance of mania prevention in BD treatment.

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700    1_

$a Ching, Christopher R K $u Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California

700    1_

$a Liberg, Benny $u Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

700    1_

$a Lebedev, Alexander V $u Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

700    1_

$a Agartz, Ingrid $u Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway

700    1_

$a Akudjedu, Theophilus N $u Institute of Medical Imaging and Visualisation, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, United Kingdom; Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland

700    1_

$a Alda, Martin $u Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia; National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic

700    1_

$a Alnæs, Dag $u Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Bjørknes College, Oslo, Norway

700    1_

$a Alonso-Lana, Silvia $u FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona, Spain

700    1_

$a Benedetti, Francesco $u Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany

700    1_

$a Berk, Michael $u Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Deakin University, the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia

700    1_

$a Bøen, Erlend $u Unit of Psychosomatic and CL Psychiatry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway

700    1_

$a Bonnin, Caterina Del Mar $u Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Bipolar Disorders and Depressive Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institute of Neurosciences, Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

700    1_

$a Breuer, Fabian $u Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany

700    1_

$a Brosch, Katharina $u Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg and Justus Liebig, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany

700    1_

$a Brouwer, Rachel M $u Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

700    1_

$a Canales-Rodríguez, Erick J $u FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona, Spain; Signal Processing Laboratory, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

700    1_

$a Cannon, Dara M $u Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland

700    1_

$a Chye, Yann $u Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Science and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

700    1_

$a Dahl, Andreas $u Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

700    1_

$a Dandash, Orwa $u Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

700    1_

$a Dannlowski, Udo $u Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany

700    1_

$a Dohm, Katharina $u Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany

700    1_

$a Elvsåshagen, Torbjørn $u Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Neurology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway

700    1_

$a Fisch, Lukas $u Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany

700    1_

$a Fullerton, Janice M $u School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

700    1_

$a Goikolea, Jose M $u Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Bipolar Disorders and Depressive Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institute of Neurosciences, Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

700    1_

$a Grotegerd, Dominik $u Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany

700    1_

$a Haatveit, Beathe $u Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway

700    1_

$a Hahn, Tim $u Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia; National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic; Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany

700    1_

$a Hajek, Tomas $u Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia; National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic; Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany

700    1_

$a Heindel, Walter $u Clinic for Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany

700    1_

$a Ingvar, Martin $u Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Neuroradiology, Stockholm, Sweden

700    1_

$a Sim, Kang $u Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; West Region, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore; Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany

700    1_

$a Kircher, Tilo T J $u Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg and Justus Liebig, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany

700    1_

$a Lenroot, Rhoshel K $u University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico

700    1_

$a Malt, Ulrik F $u Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Section for C-L Psychiatry and Psychosomatics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway

700    1_

$a McDonald, Colm $u Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland

700    1_

$a McWhinney, Sean R $u Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia

700    1_

$a Melle, Ingrid $u Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway

700    1_

$a Meller, Tina $u Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg and Justus Liebig, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany

700    1_

$a Melloni, Elisa M T $u Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy

700    1_

$a Mitchell, Philip B $u School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

700    1_

$a Nabulsi, Leila $u Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland

700    1_

$a Nenadić, Igor $u Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg and Justus Liebig, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany

700    1_

$a Opel, Nils $u Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany

700    1_

$a Overs, Bronwyn J $u Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

700    1_

$a Panicalli, Francesco $u Hospital general de Granollers, Barcelona, Spain; Benito Menni CASM, Barcelona, Spain

700    1_

$a Pfarr, Julia-Katharina $u Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg and Justus Liebig, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany

700    1_

$a Poletti, Sara $u Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy

700    1_

$a Pomarol-Clotet, Edith $u FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona, Spain

700    1_

$a Radua, Joaquim $u Center for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany

700    1_

$a Repple, Jonathan $u Center for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany

700    1_

$a Ringwald, Kai G $u Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg and Justus Liebig, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany

700    1_

$a Roberts, Gloria $u School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

700    1_

$a Rodriguez-Cano, Elena $u FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Benito Menni CASM, Barcelona, Spain

700    1_

$a Salvador, Raymond $u FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona, Spain

700    1_

$a Sarink, Kelvin $u Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; West Region, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore; Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany

700    1_

$a Sarró, Salvador $u FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg and Justus Liebig, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany

700    1_

$a Schmitt, Simon $u FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg and Justus Liebig, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany

700    1_

$a Stein, Frederike $u Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg and Justus Liebig, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany

700    1_

$a Suo, Chao $u Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Science and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

700    1_

$a Thomopoulos, Sophia I $u Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California

700    1_

$a Tronchin, Giulia $u Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland

700    1_

$a Vieta, Eduard $u Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Bipolar Disorders and Depressive Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institute of Neurosciences, Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

700    1_

$a Westlye, Lars T $u Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

700    1_

$a White, Adam G $u Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

700    1_

$a Yatham, Lakshmi N $u Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

700    1_

$a Zak, Nathalia $u Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway

700    1_

$a Thompson, Paul M $u Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California

700    1_

$a Andreassen, Ole A $u KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

700    1_

$a Landén, Mikael $u Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

710    2_

$a ENIGMA Bipolar Disorder Working Group

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