The objective of the present study was to compare the religiosity of the Roma in the 18th century with the present. In 1775 and 1776, Samuel Augustini ab Hortis detailed the way of life of the Roma community in the Austro-Hungarian monarchy in his work "Von dem Heutigen Zustände, Sonderbaren Sitten und Lebensart, Wie Auch von Denen Übrigen Eigenschaften und Umständen der Zigeuner in Ungarn" (On the Contemporary Situation, Distinctive Manners and Way of Life, as Well as the Other Characteristics and Circumstances of Gypsies in Greater Hungary). A detailed content analysis of the part of his work dealing with religion was performed. Subsequently, in 2018, field research was conducted in the environment in which Samuel Augustini lived and worked. It involved six key informants, each representing a different municipality. Data collection was carried out over two periods: in the summer months of 2012-2013 and the winter period of 2018-2019. After the interviews with the key informants, more than 70 participants were included in semi-structured interviews through snowball sampling, and another 40 participants were included in two focus groups. The data was evaluated and content analysis was used to process the data. The findings confirm that both in the past and the present, the Roma community adopted the dominant religion of the host country. In the studied environments, the activities of the majority, present then and now in the Catholic Church, failed, and various other missionary movements, such as the Maranatha Mission, came to the fore. Membership in new religious movements resulted in social changes in marginalized Roma communities. However, they may not have only had positive effects. Various effects of their activities may be studied in the future.

Department Community and Occupational Medicine University Medical Centre Groningen University of Groningen 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands

Department of Health and Exercise School of Health Sciences Kristiania University College Prinsens Gate 7 9 0152 Oslo Norway

Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology Faculty of Medicine Safarik University 040 01 Kosice Slovakia

Department of Social Work and Social Sciences Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Care Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra 949 74 Nitra Slovakia

Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health Faculty of Medicine Safarik University 040 01 Kosice Slovakia

Olomouc University Social Health Institute Theological Faculty Palacky University Olomouc 771 11 Olomouc Czech Republic

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