BACKGROUND AND AIM: The role of dietary protein and glycemic index on insulin resistance (based on TyG index) within a nutritional program for weight loss and weight maintenance was examined. METHODS: This study analyzed 744 adults with overweight/obesity within the DIOGenes project. Patients who lost at least 8% of their initial weight (0-8 weeks) after a low-calorie diet (LCD) were randomly assigned to one of five ad libitum diets designed for weight maintenance (8-34 weeks): high/low protein (HP/LP) and high/low glycemic index (HGI/LGI), plus a control. The complete nutritional program (0-34 weeks) included both LCD plus the randomized diets intervention. The TyG index was tested as marker of body mass composition and insulin resistance. RESULTS: In comparison with the LP/HGI diet, the HP/LGI diet induced a greater BMI loss (p < 0.05). ∆TyG was positively associated with resistance to BMI loss (β = 0.343, p = 0.042) during the weight maintenance stage. In patients who followed the HP/LGI diet, TyG (after LCD) correlated with greater BMI loss in the 8-34 weeks period (r = -0.256; p < 0.05) and during the 0-34 weeks intervention (r = -0.222, p < 0.05) periods. ΔTyG1 value was associated with ΔBMI2 (β = 0.932; p = 0.045) concerning the HP/LGI diet. CONCLUSIONS: A HP/LGI diet is beneficial not only for weight maintenance after a LCD, but is also related to IR amelioration as assessed by TyG index changes. Registration Clinical Trials NCT00390637.

Centre for Exercise Nutrition and Health Sciences School for Policy Studies University of Bristol Bristol UK

CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Carlos 3 Health Institute Madrid Spain

Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and Nutrition Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin German Center of Diabetes Research DZD Berlin Germany

Department of Human Biology NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands

Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Medicine Medical University Sofia Bulgaria

Escuela Internacional de Doctorado de la UNED Bravo Murillo 39 Madrid Spain

Medicine and Psychology School Autonomous University of Baja California Universidad 14418 UABC Parque Internacional Industrial Tijuana 22390 Tijuana B C Mexico

Navarra's Health Research Institute Pamplona Spain

Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences University of Oxford Oxford UK

Obesity and Nutrition Science Novo Nordisk Fonden Tuborg Havnevej 15 2900 Hellerup Denmark

Obesity Management Centre Institute of Endocrinology Prague Czech Republic

Precision Nutrition Program IMDEA Food Institute CEI UAM CSIC Madrid Spain

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$a Dietary protein and the glycemic index handle insulin resistance within a nutritional program for avoiding weight regain after energy-restricted induced weight loss / $c F. Vidal-Ostos, O. Ramos-Lopez, SA. Jebb, A. Papadaki, AFH. Pfeiffer, T. Handjieva-Darlenska, M. Kunešová, EE. Blaak, A. Astrup, JA. Martinez, Diet, Obesity, and Genes (Diogenes) Project

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$a BACKGROUND AND AIM: The role of dietary protein and glycemic index on insulin resistance (based on TyG index) within a nutritional program for weight loss and weight maintenance was examined. METHODS: This study analyzed 744 adults with overweight/obesity within the DIOGenes project. Patients who lost at least 8% of their initial weight (0-8 weeks) after a low-calorie diet (LCD) were ran $a BACKGROUND AND AIM The role of dietary protein and glycemic index on insulin resistance based on TyG index within a nutritional program for weight loss and weight maintenance was examined METHODS This study analyzed 744 adults with overweight obesity within the DIOGenes project Patients who lost at least 8 of their initial weight 0 8 weeks after a low calorie diet LCD were randomly assig $a BACKGROUND AND AIM: The role of dietary protein and glycemic index on insulin resistance (based on TyG index) within a nutritional program for weight loss and weight maintenance was examined. METHODS: This study analyzed 744 adults with overweight/obesity within the DIOGenes project. Patients who lost at least 8% of their initial weight (0-8 weeks) after a low-calorie diet (LCD) were randomly assigned to one of five ad libitum diets designed for weight maintenance (8-34 weeks): high/low protein (HP/LP) and high/low glycemic index (HGI/LGI), plus a control. The complete nutritional program (0-34 weeks) included both LCD plus the randomized diets intervention. The TyG index was tested as marker of body mass composition and insulin resistance. RESULTS: In comparison with the LP/HGI diet, the HP/LGI diet induced a greater BMI loss (p < 0.05). ∆TyG was positively associated with resistance to BMI loss (β = 0.343, p = 0.042) during the weight maintenance stage. In patients who followed the HP/LGI diet, TyG (after LCD) correlated with greater BMI loss in the 8-34 weeks period (r = -0.256; p < 0.05) and during the 0-34 weeks intervention (r = -0.222, p < 0.05) periods. ΔTyG1 value was associated with ΔBMI2 (β = 0.932; p = 0.045) concerning the HP/LGI diet. CONCLUSIONS: A HP/LGI diet is beneficial not only for weight maintenance after a LCD, but is also related to IR amelioration as assessed by TyG index changes. Registration Clinical Trials NCT00390637.

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$a Ramos-Lopez, Omar $u Medicine and Psychology School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Universidad 14418, UABC, Parque Internacional Industrial Tijuana, 22390, Tijuana, B.C., Mexico. oscar.omar.ramos.lopez@uabc.edu.mx

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$a Jebb, Susan A $u Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

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$a Papadaki, Angeliki $u Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK

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$a Pfeiffer, Andreas F H $u Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, German Center of Diabetes Research, DZD, Berlin, Germany

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$a Handjieva-Darlenska, Teodora $u Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria

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$a Kunešová, Marie $u Obesity Management Centre, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic

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$a Blaak, Ellen E $u Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands

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$a Astrup, Arne $u Obesity and Nutrition Science, Novo Nordisk Fonden, Tuborg Havnevej 15, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark

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$a Martinez, J Alfredo $u Navarra's Health Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain $u CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain $u Precision Nutrition Program, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain

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