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The Associations of Habitual Intake of Sulfur Amino Acids, Proteins and Diet Quality with Plasma Sulfur Amino Acid Concentrations: The Maastricht Study

EC. Tore, SJPM. Eussen, NE. Bastani, PC. Dagnelie, AK. Elshorbagy, P. Grootswagers, V. Kožich, T. Olsen, H. Refsum, K. Retterstøl, CD. Stehouwer, ETK. Stolt, KJ. Vinknes, MMJ. van Greevenbroek

. 2023 ; 153 (7) : 2027-2040. [pub] 20230508

Language English Country United States

Document type Journal Article

Persistent link   https://www.medvik.cz/link/bmc23017000

BACKGROUND: Plasma sulfur amino acids (SAAs), i.e., methionine, total cysteine (tCys), total homocysteine (tHcy), cystathionine, total glutathione (tGSH), and taurine, are potential risk factors for obesity and cardiometabolic disorders. However, except for plasma tHcy, little is known about how dietary intake modifies plasma SAA concentrations. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the intake of SAAs and proteins or diet quality is associated with plasma SAAs. METHODS: Data from a cross-sectional subset of The Maastricht Study (n = 1145, 50.5% men, 61 interquartile range: [55, 66] y, 22.5% with prediabetes and 34.3% with type 2 diabetes) were investigated. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. The intake of SAAs (total, methionine, and cysteine) and proteins (total, animal, and plant) was estimated from the Dutch and Danish food composition tables. Diet quality was assessed using the Dutch Healthy Diet Index, the Mediterranean Diet Score, and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension score. Fasting plasma SAAs were measured by liquid chromatography (LC) tandem mass spectrometry (MS) (LC/MS-MS). Associations were investigated with multiple linear regressions with tertiles of dietary intake measures (main exposures) and z-standardized plasma SAAs (outcomes). RESULTS: Intake of total SAAs and total proteins was positively associated with plasma tCys and cystathionine. Associations were stronger in women and in those with normal body weight. Higher intake of cysteine and plant proteins was associated with lower plasma tHcy and higher cystathionine. Higher methionine intake was associated with lower plasma tGSH, whereas cysteine intake was positively associated with tGSH. Higher intake of methionine and animal proteins was associated with higher plasma taurine. Better diet quality was consistently related to lower plasma tHcy concentrations, but it was not associated with the other SAAs. CONCLUSION: Targeted dietary modifications might be effective in modifying plasma concentrations of tCys, tHcy, and cystathionine, which have been associated with obesity and cardiometabolic disorders.

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$a Tore, Elena C $u Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Disease, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands. Electronic address: e.tore@maastrichtuniversity.nl
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$a The Associations of Habitual Intake of Sulfur Amino Acids, Proteins and Diet Quality with Plasma Sulfur Amino Acid Concentrations: The Maastricht Study / $c EC. Tore, SJPM. Eussen, NE. Bastani, PC. Dagnelie, AK. Elshorbagy, P. Grootswagers, V. Kožich, T. Olsen, H. Refsum, K. Retterstøl, CD. Stehouwer, ETK. Stolt, KJ. Vinknes, MMJ. van Greevenbroek
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$a BACKGROUND: Plasma sulfur amino acids (SAAs), i.e., methionine, total cysteine (tCys), total homocysteine (tHcy), cystathionine, total glutathione (tGSH), and taurine, are potential risk factors for obesity and cardiometabolic disorders. However, except for plasma tHcy, little is known about how dietary intake modifies plasma SAA concentrations. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the intake of SAAs and proteins or diet quality is associated with plasma SAAs. METHODS: Data from a cross-sectional subset of The Maastricht Study (n = 1145, 50.5% men, 61 interquartile range: [55, 66] y, 22.5% with prediabetes and 34.3% with type 2 diabetes) were investigated. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. The intake of SAAs (total, methionine, and cysteine) and proteins (total, animal, and plant) was estimated from the Dutch and Danish food composition tables. Diet quality was assessed using the Dutch Healthy Diet Index, the Mediterranean Diet Score, and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension score. Fasting plasma SAAs were measured by liquid chromatography (LC) tandem mass spectrometry (MS) (LC/MS-MS). Associations were investigated with multiple linear regressions with tertiles of dietary intake measures (main exposures) and z-standardized plasma SAAs (outcomes). RESULTS: Intake of total SAAs and total proteins was positively associated with plasma tCys and cystathionine. Associations were stronger in women and in those with normal body weight. Higher intake of cysteine and plant proteins was associated with lower plasma tHcy and higher cystathionine. Higher methionine intake was associated with lower plasma tGSH, whereas cysteine intake was positively associated with tGSH. Higher intake of methionine and animal proteins was associated with higher plasma taurine. Better diet quality was consistently related to lower plasma tHcy concentrations, but it was not associated with the other SAAs. CONCLUSION: Targeted dietary modifications might be effective in modifying plasma concentrations of tCys, tHcy, and cystathionine, which have been associated with obesity and cardiometabolic disorders.
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$a Eussen, Simone J P M $u CARIM School for Cardiovascular Disease, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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$a Bastani, Nasser E $u Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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$a Dagnelie, Pieter C $u Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Disease, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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$a Elshorbagy, Amany K $u Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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$a Grootswagers, Pol $u Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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$a Kožich, Viktor $u Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University-First Faculty of Medicine, and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
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$a Olsen, Thomas $u Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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$a Refsum, Helga $u Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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$a Retterstøl, Kjetil $u Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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$a Stehouwer, Coen DA $u Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Disease, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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$a Stolt, Emma T K $u Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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$a Vinknes, Kathrine J $u Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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$a van Greevenbroek, Marleen M J $u Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Disease, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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