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From hunter-gatherers to food producers: New dental insights into the Nile Valley population history (Late Paleolithic-Neolithic)

N. Martin, A. Thibeault, L. Varadzinová, SH. Ambrose, D. Antoine, P. Brukner Havelková, M. Honegger, JD. Irish, P. Osypiński, D. Usai, N. Vanderesse, L. Varadzin, RJ. Whiting, P. Velemínský, I. Crevecoeur

. 2024 ; 184 (4) : e24948. [pub] 20240511

Language English Country United States

Document type Journal Article, Historical Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Persistent link   https://www.medvik.cz/link/bmc24019582

Grant support
ANR-14-CE31 Agence Nationale de la Recherche
GAČR 17-03207S Grantová Agentura České Republiky
GAČR 23-06488S Grantová Agentura České Republiky
Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique
UMO-2020/37/B/HS3/00519 Narodowe Centrum Nauki
Filozofická Fakulta, Univerzita Karlova v Praze
DKRVO 2024-2028/7.I.a Ministerstvo Kultury
00023272 Ministerstvo Kultury
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

OBJECTIVES: This study presents biological affinities between the last hunter-fisher-gatherers and first food-producing societies from the Nile Valley. We investigate odontometric and dental tissue proportion changes between these populations from the Middle Nile Valley and acknowledge the biological processes behind them. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dental remains of 329 individuals from Nubia and Central Sudan that date from the Late Pleistocene to the mid-Holocene are studied. Using 3D imaging techniques, we investigated outer and inner metric aspects of upper central incisors, and first and second upper molars. RESULTS: Late Paleolithic and Mesolithic foragers display homogeneous crown dimensions, dental tissue proportions, and enamel thickness distribution. This contrasts with Neolithic trends for significant differences from earlier samples on inner and outer aspects. Finally, within the Neolithic sample differences are found between Nubian and Central Sudanese sites. DISCUSSION: Substantial dental variation appears to have occurred around 6000 bce in the Nile Valley, coinciding with the emergence of food-producing societies in the region. Archeological and biological records suggest little differences in dietary habits and dental health during this transition. Furthermore, the substantial variations identified here would have happened in an extremely short time, a few centuries at most. This does not support in situ diet-related adaptation. Rather, we suggest these data are consistent with some level of population discontinuity between the Mesolithic and Neolithic samples considered here. Complex settlement processes could also explain the differences between Nubia and Central Sudan, and with previous results based on nonmetric traits.

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