BACKGROUND: Pregnancy adds challenges for healthcare professionals, regardless of gender. We investigated experiences during pregnancy, attitudes towards pregnant colleagues, family planning decisions, and awareness of regulations among European anaesthesiologists and intensivists. METHODS: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 3590 anaesthesiologists and intensivists from 47 European countries. The survey, available for 12 weeks, collected data on demographics, working conditions, safety perceptions, and the impact of clinical practice and training demands on family planning. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, whereas qualitative data underwent thematic content analysis. RESULTS: Only 41.4% (n=678) of women were satisfied with their working conditions during pregnancy, and only 38.5% (n=602) considered their working environment safe. The proportion of women who changed their clinical practice during pregnancy and who took sick leave to avoid potentially harmful working conditions increased over time (P<0.001 for both). Men had children more often during residency than women (P<0.001). Pregnant colleagues' safety concerns influenced clinical practice, with women and men who had experience with their own and partner's pregnancy being more likely to modify their practices. Work and training demands discouraged plans to have children, particularly among women, leading to consideration of leaving training. Awareness of national regulations was limited, and respondents highlighted a need for better support and flexible working conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Improved support and working environments for pregnant colleagues and ability to express preferred clinical areas for work are needed. Department heads should commit to safety and family friendliness, and men transitioning to parenthood should not be neglected.

Academic Centre for Malignant Hyperthermia Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic

Department of Anaesthesia Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria

Department of Anaesthesiology Intensive Care and Pain Management University Medical Centre Maribor Maribor Slovenia

Department of Anesthesiology Critical Care and Pain Medicine Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy

Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic

European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Brussels Belgium

Faculty of Medicine University of Maribor Maribor Slovenia

Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust London UK

Institute for Medical Education University of Bern Bern Switzerland

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