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Verbal encouragement in coaching: enhancing small-sided game performance in youth basketball players

O. Yılmaz, H. Jahrami, L. Batalik, K. Trabelsi, A. Ammar, Y. Soylu

. 2025 ; 16 (-) : 1512803. [pub] 20250225

Status not-indexed Language English Country Switzerland

Document type Journal Article

Persistent link   https://www.medvik.cz/link/bmc25008359

BACKGROUND: Verbal coach encouragement is a key motivational strategy that enhances skill development, game strategy execution, and team cohesion. In youth basketball, where players are still developing technical and decision-making abilities, coach encouragement can play a crucial role in sustaining effort, improving focus, and fostering resilience under small-sided games (SSGs). This study investigated how coach encouragement (CE) influences young basketball players' technical performance and psychophysiological responses during competitive gameplay. METHODS: Sixteen male basketball players (age = 15.19 ± 1.05 years) voluntarily participated in the study. Heart rate, ratings of perceived exertion, mood states and technical activities were recorded with coach encouragement and without coach encouragement during SSGs. RESULTS: The results showed that SSGs with coach encouragement were associated with significantly higher heart rate (p ≤ 0.05, d = 1.69), maximum heart rate percentage (p ≤ 0.05, d = 1.15), ratings of perceived exertion (p ≤ 0.05, d = 1.69), enjoyment (p ≤ 0.007, d = 0.86), technical abilities (e.g., successful passes and shots; p ≤ 0.05, d ranging from 1.08 to 1.25), and fatigue (p ≤ 0.03, d = 1.47). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study highlight the importance of CE in improving the psychophysiological and technical abilities of young basketball players during SSGs. CE improves coach-athlete relationships and increases game performance.

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$a BACKGROUND: Verbal coach encouragement is a key motivational strategy that enhances skill development, game strategy execution, and team cohesion. In youth basketball, where players are still developing technical and decision-making abilities, coach encouragement can play a crucial role in sustaining effort, improving focus, and fostering resilience under small-sided games (SSGs). This study investigated how coach encouragement (CE) influences young basketball players' technical performance and psychophysiological responses during competitive gameplay. METHODS: Sixteen male basketball players (age = 15.19 ± 1.05 years) voluntarily participated in the study. Heart rate, ratings of perceived exertion, mood states and technical activities were recorded with coach encouragement and without coach encouragement during SSGs. RESULTS: The results showed that SSGs with coach encouragement were associated with significantly higher heart rate (p ≤ 0.05, d = 1.69), maximum heart rate percentage (p ≤ 0.05, d = 1.15), ratings of perceived exertion (p ≤ 0.05, d = 1.69), enjoyment (p ≤ 0.007, d = 0.86), technical abilities (e.g., successful passes and shots; p ≤ 0.05, d ranging from 1.08 to 1.25), and fatigue (p ≤ 0.03, d = 1.47). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study highlight the importance of CE in improving the psychophysiological and technical abilities of young basketball players during SSGs. CE improves coach-athlete relationships and increases game performance.
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$a Jahrami, Haitham $u Department of Psychiatry, Ministry of Health, Manama, Bahrain $u Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
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$a Batalik, Ladislav $u Department of Rehabilitation, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia $u Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia $u Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia $u Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
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$a Trabelsi, Khaled $u Department of Movement Sciences and Sports Training, School of Sport Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan $u Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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$a Ammar, Achraf $u High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia $u Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany $u Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Sfax, Tunisia
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$a Soylu, Yusuf $u Faculty of Sports Sciences, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Türkiye
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