Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is the most important arboviral agent causing disease of the central nervous system in central Europe. In this study, 61 TBEV E gene sequences derived from 48 isolates from the Czech Republic, and four isolates and nine TBEV strains detected in ticks from Germany, covering more than half a century from 1954 to 2009, were sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic and Bayesian phylodynamic analysis to determine the phylogeography of TBEV in central Europe. The general Eurasian continental east-to-west pattern of the spread of TBEV was confirmed at the regional level but is interlaced with spreading that arises because of local geography and anthropogenic influence. This spread is reflected by the disease pattern in the Czech Republic that has been observed since 1991. The overall evolutionary rate was estimated to be approximately 8×10(-4) substitutions per nucleotide per year. The analysis of the TBEV E genes of 11 strains isolated at one natural focus in žďár Kaplice proved for the first time that TBEV is indeed subject to local evolution.

Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology Munich Germany

Central Military Institute of Health Army Forces of the Czech Republic České Budějovice Czech Republic

Department of Microbiology University of São Paulo Biomedical Sciences Institute ICB 2 São Paulo Brazil

Department of Virology University Medical Center Göttingen Germany

Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health University of Leipzig Leipzig Germany

Institute of Parasitology Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences České Budějovice Czech Republic

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