Treatment of dystonias is generally symptomatic. To produce sufficient therapy effects, therefore, frequently a multimodal and interdisciplinary therapeutic approach becomes necessary, combining botulinum toxin therapy, deep brain stimulation, oral antidystonic drugs, adjuvant drugs and rehabilitation therapy including physiotherapy, occupational therapy, re-training, speech therapy, psychotherapy and sociotherapy. This review presents the recommendations of the IAB-Interdisciplinary Working Group for Movement Disorders Special Task Force on Interdisciplinary Treatment of Dystonia. It reviews the different therapeutic modalities and outlines a strategy to adapt them to the dystonia localisation and severity of the individual patient. Hints to emerging and future therapies will be given.

Centro de Estudios de Trastornos del Movimiento University of Santiago Santiago de Chile Chile

Chulalongkorn Centre for Excellence on Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital Bangkok Thailand

Clinic 'Cecil Plus' Moscow Russia

Department of Ear Nose and Throat Universitätsmedizin Göttingen Göttingen Germany

Department of Neurological Psychiatric Nursing Medical University of Gdansk Gdansk Poland

Department of Neurology Fundacion Jimenez Diaz Madrid Spain

Department of Neurology Hannover Medical School Carl Neuberg Str 1 D 30625 Hannover Germany

Department of Neurology Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín University of Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina

Department of Neurology King Faisal Specialist Hospital Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Department of Neurology Mount Sinai Medical Center New York NY USA

Department of Neurology Palacky University Olomouc Czech Republic

Department of Neurology University of Santo Tomas Manila Philippines

Department of Neurology University of Tokushima Tokushima Japan

Department of Neurology University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia

Hospital Sao Joaquim Beneficencia Portuguesa Sao Paulo Brazil

IAB Interdisciplinary Working Group for Movement Disorders Hamburg Germany

Institute of Music Physiology and Musicians' Medicine Hanover University of Music Drama and Media Hannover Germany

Neurocentro della Svizzera Italiana Ospedale Regionale di Lugano Lugano Switzerland

Reta Lila Weston Institute University College London UK

Scientific Research Institute of Neurology Moscow Russia

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