Recent years have seen important advances in our understanding of the etiology, biology and genetics of kidney cancer. To summarize important achievements and identify prominent research questions that remain, a workshop was organized by IARC and the US NCI. A series of 'difficult questions' were formulated, which should be given future priority in the areas of population, genomic and clinical research.

Clinical and Biomedical Proteomics Group Cancer Research UK Centre Leeds Institute for Cancer Studies and Pathology St James' University Hospital Leeds UK

Department of Epidemiology Division of OVP Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston USA

Department of Epidemiology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston USA

Department of Genetics UNC School of Medicine Chapel Hill USA

Department of Medical Oncology Institut Gustave Roussy Villejuif France

Department of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia USA

Department of Pathology Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center Chicago USA

Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences Urology and Andrology Umeå University Umeå

Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences Urology and Andrology Umeå University Umeå Department of Biobank Research Umeå University Umeå Sweden

Department of Urology Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers Angers France

Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics Department of Health and Human Service National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda USA

Division of Hematology Oncology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Kidney Cancer Program Dana Farber Harvard Cancer Center Boston MA USA

Duncan Cancer Center Biostatistics Baylor College of Medicine Houston

Graduate School of Medicine University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan

Groupe de Recherche GRC UPMC n°5 Centre de Recherche sur les Pathologies Prostatiques et Urologiques Paris France

Institute of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Charles University 2nd Faculty of Medicine Prague Czech Republic

Section of Genetics International Agency for Research on Cancer Lyon France

Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory UCL Cancer Institute University College London London UK

University College London Hospitals and Cancer Institute London UK

University of Exeter Medical School Exeter UK

Urologic Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute Bethesda

Ann Oncol. 2016 Aug;27(8):1376-7. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdw247. PubMed

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