OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of clinical relevance of histopathological examination on the basis of macroscopic and microscopic analyses of changes in placentas in chosen clinical cases. DESIGN: Summarizing article. SETTING: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Pathology, City Hospital in Ostrava. METHODS: In this summarizing article we are presenting histopathological changes in placental tissues in connection with chosen clinical cases of obstetrics studied in the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics in City Hospital in Ostrava from January to August 2015.After processing, placentas were examined via light microscope in the Department of Pathology. Over the period mentioned above, more than 80 human placentas were examined and compared. From found histopathological changes and their comparison with clinical cases we can deduce their straight connection to premature birth. CONCLUSION: The clinical relevance of histopathological examination of placenta was proven from the view of obstetrician, specifically in cases of pathological pregnancy or birth and preterm birth.