Temperature plays crucial roles in microbial interactions that affect the stability and performance of anaerobic digestion. In this study, the microbial interactions and their succession in the anaerobic digestion process were investigated at three levels, represented by (1) present and (2) active micro-organisms, and (3) gene expressions under a temperature gradient from 25 to 55 °C. Network topological features indicated a global variation in microbial interactions at different temperatures. The variations of microbial interactions in terms of network modularity and deterministic processes based on topological features, corresponded well with the variations of methane productions, but not with temperatures. A common successional pattern of microbial interactions was observed at different temperatures, which showed that both deterministic processes and network modularity increased over time during the digestion process. It was concluded that the increase in temperature-mediated network modularity and deterministic processes on shaping the microbial interactions improved the stability and efficiency of anaerobic digestion process.

Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology Ghent University Coupure Links 653 B 9000 Gent Belgium

Institute of Soil Biology Czech Academy of Sciences Na Sádkách 7 CZ37005 České Budějovice Czech Republic

Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology CAS Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China

Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology CAS Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China; Institute of Soil Biology Czech Academy of Sciences Na Sádkách 7 CZ37005 České Budějovice Czech Republic

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