Results from the international cooperative programme on effects on materials including historic and cultural monuments are presented from the period 1987-2014 and include pollution data (SO₂, NO₂, O₃, HNO₃ and PM10), corrosion data (carbon steel, weathering steel, zinc, copper, aluminium and limestone) and data on the soiling of modern glass for nineteen industrial, urban and rural test sites in Europe. Both one-year and four-year corrosion data are presented. Corrosion and pollution have decreased significantly and a shift in the magnitude is generally observed around 1997: from a sharp decrease to a more modest decrease or to a constant level without any decrease. SO₂ levels, carbon steel and copper corrosion have decreased even after 1997, which is more pronounced in urban areas, while corrosion of the other materials shows no decrease after 1997, when looking at one-year values. When looking at four-year values, however, there is a significant decrease after 1997 for zinc, which is not evident when looking at the one-year values. This paper also presents results on corrosion kinetics by comparison of one- and four-year values. For carbon steel and copper, kinetics is relatively independent of sites while other materials, especially zinc, show substantial variation in kinetics for the first four years, which needs to be considered when producing new and possibly improved models for corrosion.

BRE Building Research Establishment Ltd Watford WD25 9XX UK

CENIM National Centre for Metallurgical Research 28040 Madrid Spain

Empa Materials Science and Technology 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland

LISA UMR 7583 CNRS UPEC UPD 94010 Creteil France

NILU Norwegian Institute for Air Research 2027 Kjeller Norway

Svuom Ltd 17000 Prague Czech Republic

Swerea KIMAB Dept Corrosion 164 07 Kista Sweden

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