Vaccination against influenza is widely used to protect against seasonal flu epidemic although its effectiveness is debated. Here we performed deep quantitative T cell receptor repertoire profiling in peripheral blood of a healthy volunteer in response to trivalent subunit influenza vaccine. We did not observe significant rebuilding of peripheral blood T cell receptors composition in response to vaccination. However, we found several clonotypes in memory T cell fraction that were undetectable before the vaccination and had a maximum concentration at day 45 after vaccine administration. These cells were found in lower concentration in the course of repertoire monitoring for two years period. Our observation suggests a potential for recruitment of only a limited number of new T cells after each seasonal influenza vaccination.

Shemyakin Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Science Miklukho Maklaya 16 10 117997 Moscow Russia

Shemyakin Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Science Miklukho Maklaya 16 10 117997 Moscow Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University 117997 Moscow Russia

Shemyakin Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Science Miklukho Maklaya 16 10 117997 Moscow Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University 117997 Moscow Russia; Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Skolkovo 143025 Russia; Central European Institute of Technology Brno 60177 Czech Republic

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Benchmarking of T cell receptor repertoire profiling methods reveals large systematic biases