Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have been shown to contribute to tumor escape from host immune surveillance and to cancer progression by production of tumor-promoting soluble factors. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a principle cytokine controlling granulocyte number. Recombinant human G-CSF (rhG-CSF) has become the main therapeutic agent for the treatment of neutropenia and prophylaxis of febrile neutropenia in cancer patients. However, we show here that rhG-CSF triggers accumulation of granulocytic and monocytic subsets. Consequently, we discuss the pharmacological use of granulopoiesis stimulating factors not only in the context of febrile neutropenia but also from the perspective of MDSC-dependent and MDSC-independent mechanisms of immunosuppression and cancer angiogenesis.

Clinical Trial Unit Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute Brno Czech Republic

Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute Brno Czech Republic

Department of Laboratory Medicine Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute Zluty kopec 7 656 53 Brno Czech Republic

Department of Pharmacology Medical Faculty Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic

RECAMO Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute Brno Czech Republic

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