Two new genera (Streptosarcina and Streptofilum) and three new species (Streptosarcina arenaria, S. costaricana and Streptofilum capillatum) of streptophyte algae were detected in cultures isolated from terrestrial habitats of Europe and Central America and described using an integrative approach. Additionally, a strain isolated from soil in North America was identified as Hormidiella parvula and proposed as an epitype of this species. The molecular phylogeny based on 18S rRNA and rbcL genes, secondary structure of ITS-2, as well as the morphology of vegetative and reproductive stages, cell ultrastructure, ecology and distribution of the investigated strains were assessed. The new genus Streptosarcina forms a sister lineage to the genus Hormidiella (Klebsormidiophyceae). Streptosarcina is characterized by packet-like (sarcinoid) and filamentous thalli with true branching and a cell organization typical for Klebsormidiophyceae. Streptofilum forms a separate lineage within Streptophyta. This genus represents an easily disintegrating filamentous alga which exhibits a cell coverage of unique structure: layers of submicroscopic scales of piliform shape covering the plasmalemma and exfoliate inside the mucilage envelope surrounding cells. The implications of the discovery of the new taxa for understanding evolutionary tendencies in the Streptophyta, a group of great evolutionary interest, are discussed.

Applied Ecology and Phycology Institute of Biological Sciences University of Rostock Albert Einstein Strasse 3 D 18059 Rostock Germany

Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences v v i Institute of Soil Biology Na Sádkách 7 České Budějovice CZ 37005 Czech Republic

Department of Botany University of Innsbruck Sternwartestrasse 15 A 6020 Innsbruck Austria

Experimental Phycology and Culture Collection of Algae Georg August University of Göttingen Untere Karspüle 2 37073 Göttingen Germany

M G Kholodny Institute of Botany National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Tereschenkivska Str 2 Kyiv 01004 Ukraine

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