Maternal body mass index, parity and smoking are associated with human milk macronutrient content after preterm delivery
Language English Country Ireland Media print-electronic
Document type Journal Article
PubMed
31422343
DOI
10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2019.104832
PII: S0378-3782(19)30370-6
Knihovny.cz E-resources
- Keywords
- Breast milk, Human milk composition, Nutrition, Premature delivery, Prematurity,
- MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Body Mass Index * MeSH
- Smoking adverse effects epidemiology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Milk, Human chemistry metabolism MeSH
- Parity * MeSH
- Premature Birth epidemiology metabolism MeSH
- Pregnancy MeSH
- Nutrients analysis MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Pregnancy MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
BACKGROUND: Maternal characteristics may be associated with human milk macronutrients but no definite conclusions have been made to date. AIM: This study aimed to determine the relationship of maternal-associated factors on the content of macronutrients in human milk for the first six weeks after preterm delivery. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective observational cohort study. SUBJECTS: Milk samples were collected from mothers after premature birth between 24 + 0-35 + 6 weeks. OUTCOME MEASURES: Macronutrients and energy content were analyzed by mid-infrared transmission spectroscopy. Demographic and anthropometric data from mothers were systematically recorded. RESULTS: A total 1.558 human milk samples from 192 mothers were analyzed. Colostrum: higher protein (p = 0.001) and lower carbohydrate content (p = 0.003) were present in primiparous compared to multiparous milk. Vaginal birth was associated with increased carbohydrate content (p = 0.021). Fat and energy content in colostrum was not related to any maternal characteristics. Mature human milk: similarly to colostrum, higher protein content (p = 0.001) and lower carbohydrates content (p = 0.022) were observed in primiparous compared to multiparous milk. The mode of delivery was found to be another factor possibly influencing protein and carbohydrate levels (p = 0.036, p = 0.003, respectively). Pre-pregnancy obesity was associated with increased fat (p = 0.030) and energy content (p = 0.020) in human milk. On the contrary, smoking had a negative relationship to fat and energy content (p = 0.026, p = 0.007, respectively). CONCLUSION: Human milk macronutrient concentration after preterm delivery is associated with pre-pregnancy obesity, parity, mode of delivery and smoking. The impact of maternal factors on human milk composition should be taken into account in a strategy of feeding in premature infants.
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