Occupational disease or occupational disease risk is not only matter of health, but also a social-economic problem with a serious impact on the life of the employee, production technology, or production process itself. In order to recognize an occupational disease or threat of occupational disease, the conditions laid down by law, in particular the Government Decree establishing the list of occupational diseases, must be met. Clinical - diagnostic criteria including disease severity must be met and it must be verified that the worker has been exposed to working conditions where the occupational disease might have arisen. This work summarizes the principles of the process of assessing and recognizing the professionalism of the disease, and the duties of the attending physicians and employers in the process.