This article is a presentation of taxonomic diversity of the orchid genus Cyrtochilum in Northwestern South America. The morphological characteristics of over 90 species occurring in northern Peru, Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela are presented together with illustrations of their floral segments. Information about the distribution of each taxon is provided. Ten morphologically consistent groups have been delineated to facilitate identification of Cyrtochilum representatives in the studied area. Keys for determination of species within each group are provided. Seven new species of Cyrtochilum are described and one new combination is proposed.

Department of Biodiversity Research Global Change Research Institute AS CR Brno Czech Republic

Department of Geobotany and Plant Ecology Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection University of Lodz Lodz Poland

Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation Faculty of Biology University of Gdansk Gdańsk Poland

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