BACKGROUND: The histological and histomorphometrical results were evaluated between vital whole and non-vital endodontically treated teeth used as autologous grafts in post-extractive socket preservation procedures. METHODS: Twenty-eight patients (average age 51.79 ± 5.97 years) with post-extractive defects were enrolled in five dentistry centers. All patients were divided into two groups: with whole teeth (Group 1) and teeth with endodontical root canal therapy (Group 2). The extracted teeth were processed with the Tooth Transformer device to obtain a demineralized and granulated graft material used with a resorbable collagen membrane for socket preservation. After four months, 32 bone biopsies were obtained for histological, histomorphometric, and statistical analysis. RESULTS: During the bone healing period, no infection signs were observed. Nineteen biopsies in group 1 and 13 biopsies in group 2 were detected. The histological analysis showed neither inflammatory nor infective reaction in both groups. Autologous grafts surrounded by new bone were observed in all samples and, at high magnification, partially resorbed dentin and enamel structures were detected. No gutta-percha or cement was identified. Small non-statistically significant differences between the groups, in total bone volume (BV), autologous graft residual, and vital bone percentage were detected. CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that the TT Transformer grafts were capable of producing new vital bone in socket preservation procedures. The histomorphometric results showed no statistical differences comparing whole and endodontically treated teeth in bone regeneration. Further studies will be carried out in order to understand the advantages of the autologous graft materials obtained from the tooth compared with the current biomaterials in bone regeneration treatments.

Department of Basic Medical Sciences Neurosciences and Sense Organs University of Bari Aldo Moro 70125 Bari Italy

Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics Campus Universitario Ernesto Quagliariello University of Bari Aldo Moro 70125 Bari Italy

Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Foggia 71122 Foggia Italy

Department of Neurosciences Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences Federico 2 University 80133 Naples Italy

Private Practice 10121 Torino Italy

Private Practice 20100 Milan Italy

Private Practice 24068 Seriate Italy

Private Practice 34121 Trieste Italy

Private Practice 500 02 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic

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