The 'Cichlasoma' facetum group is part of the taxonomically complex group of Neotropical cichlid fishes of the tribe Heroini. Many species groups and unplaced species of heroines are still left without a generic name following the revision of the genus Cichlasoma. We describe here the 'Cichlasoma' facetum group as a new genus, Australoheros, and provide evidence for its monophyly based on phylogenetic analyses of morphological and mtDNA characters. Australoheros is morphologically characterized by the lowest values in meristic characters among heroines and by three apomorphic characters in coloration pattern. In addition to the three described species of Australoheros, our results of species delimitation based on a combination of tree- and character-based approaches identify seven putatively new species of Australoheros. Several coding schemes of morphological characters are used to recover the intrageneric relationships within the genus, resulting in very similar topologies. Discovery of additional species within the genus is expected once material from the whole distribution area is studied.

Die ‘Cichlasoma’ facetum Gruppe ist eine der zahlreichen Artengruppen von Amerikanischen Buntbarschen der taxonomisch komplizierten Gruppe der Heroini. Viele Artengruppen der Heroinen haben keinen stabilen Gattungsnamen nach der Revision der Gattung Cichlasoma. Wir beschreiben diese Artengruppe als neue Gattung, Australoheros, und demonstrieren ihre Monophylie anhand einer phylogenetischen Analyse von morphologischen und mtDNA Merkmalen. Morphologisch ist Australoheros durch die niedrigsten meristischen Werte innerhalb der Heroini sowie durch drei apomorphe Merkmale gekennzeichnet. Die Kombination verschiedener Verfahren der Merkmalsanalyse ermöglicht die Identifikation von sieben weiteren Arten neben den drei bereits beschriebenen dieser Artengruppe. Durch verschiedene Kodierungsschemata der morphologischen Merkmale entwickeln wir eine phylogenetische Hypothese der Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse der Arten innerhalb von Australoheros und zeigen, dass verschiedene Kodierungen zu sehr ähnlichen Topologien führen.

Department of Vertebrate Zoology Swedish Museum of Natural History PO Box 50007 Stockholm Sweden

Department of Zoology University of South Bohemia Branišovská 31 České Budějovice Czech Republic

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