The veterinary and animal science professions are rapidly developing and their inherent and historical connection to agriculture is challenged by more biomedical and medical directions of research. While some consider this development as a risk of losing identity, it may also be seen as an opportunity for developing further and more sophisticated competences that may ultimately feed back to veterinary and animal science in a synergistic way. The present review describes how agriculture-related studies on bovine in vitro embryo production through studies of putative bovine and porcine embryonic stem cells led the way to more sophisticated studies of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) using e.g. gene editing for modeling of neurodegeneration in man. However, instead of being a blind diversion from veterinary and animal science into medicine, these advanced studies of human iPSC-derived neurons build a set of competences that allowed us, in a more competent way, to focus on novel aspects of more veterinary and agricultural relevance in the form of porcine and canine iPSCs. These types of animal stem cells are of biomedical importance for modeling of iPSC-based therapy in man, but in particular the canine iPSCs are also important for understanding and modeling canine diseases, as e.g. canine cognitive dysfunction, for the benefit and therapy of dogs.

Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra Nitra Slovakia

Department of Anatomy and Pathology Sokoine University of Agriculture Tanzania

Department of Animal Science Aarhus University Tjele Denmark

Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences University of Copenhagen Denmark

Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences University of Copenhagen Denmark

KU Leuven University of Leuven Department of Neurosciences Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute Leuven Belgium

Nøddehaven Værløse

School of Agriculture and Food Science University College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland

The Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics Liběchov Czech Republic

VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research Laboratory of Neurobiology Leuven Belgium

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