Institute of Pharmacology; Department of Pediatrics 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital Charles University Prague Czech Republic; and Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital Rotterdam The Netherlands

Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital Rotterdam The Netherlands

Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2020 Sep;21(9):e599-e609. doi: 10.1097/PCC.0000000000002351. PubMed

See more in PubMed

Hughes RG, Blegen MA. Hughes RG. Chapter 37: Medication administration safety. In: Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses. 2008, pp Rockville, MD, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 397–457

Patel AK, Trujillo-Rivera E, Faruqe F, et al. Sedation, Analgesia, and Neuromuscular Blockade: An Assessment of Practices From 2009 to 2016 in a National Sample of 66,443 Pediatric Patients Cared for in the ICU. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2020; 21:e599–e609

Carbajal R, Eriksson M, Courtois E, et al. [Sedation and analgesia for neonates in NICUs across Europe.] [French] Arch Pediatr 2015; 22:95–96

Devabhakthuni S, Armahizer MJ, Dasta JF, et al. Analgosedation: A paradigm shift in intensive care unit sedation practice. Ann Pharmacother 2012; 46:530–540

Poh YN, Poh PF, Buang SN, et al. Sedation guidelines, protocols, and algorithms in PICUs: A systematic review. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2014; 15:885–892

Curley MA, Wypij D, Watson RS, et al.; RESTORE Study Investigators and the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators Network: Protocolized sedation vs usual care in pediatric patients mechanically ventilated for acute respiratory failure: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2015; 313:379–389

Neunhoeffer F, Kumpf M, Renk H, et al. Nurse-driven pediatric analgesia and sedation protocol reduces withdrawal symptoms in critically ill medical pediatric patients. Paediatr Anaesth 2015; 25:786–794

Harris J, Ramelet AS, van Dijk M, et al. Clinical recommendations for pain, sedation, withdrawal and delirium assessment in critically ill infants and children: An ESPNIC position statement for healthcare professionals. Intensive Care Med 2016; 42:972–986

Baarslag MA, Allegaert K, Van Den Anker JN, et al. Paracetamol and morphine for infant and neonatal pain; still a long way to go? Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2017; 10:111–126

Baarslag MA, Allegaert K, Knibbe CA, et al. Pharmacological sedation management in the paediatric intensive care unit. J Pharm Pharmacol 2017; 69:498–513

Schiller RM, Allegaert K, Hunfeld M, et al. Analgesics and sedatives in critically ill newborns and infants: The impact on long-term neurodevelopment. J Clin Pharmacol 2018; 58(Suppl 10):S140–S150

Shakir SA, Layton D. Causal association in pharmacovigilance and pharmacoepidemiology: Thoughts on the application of the Austin Bradford-Hill criteria. Drug Saf 2002; 25:467–471

Rescue Paracetamol in Postoperative Pain Management in Extremely Low Birth Weight Neonates Following Abdominal Surgery: A Single Unit Retrospective Study