Molecular switching memories have gained great importance in recent years because of the current sharp increase in the production of consumer electronics. Herein, 3D-printed nanocomposite carbon electrodes (3D-nCEs) have been explored as unconventional responsive interfaces to electrically readout bistable molecular switches via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy as the output system. As a proof-of-concept, two different 3D-printed responsive interfaces have been devised using surface engineering for covalently anchoring (supra)molecular components that well-define two electrical states (on/off) driven by either electrical or optical stimuli. Accordingly, this work paves the way for the functionalization of 3D-nCEs through fundamental chemistry, opening up new horizons in unprecedented tailored 3D-printed responsive interfaces which could be utilized as potential (bio)sensors, (opto)electronic devices, or molecular logic gates.

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Yonsei University 50 Yonsei ro Seodaemun gu Seoul 03722 Korea

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Mendel University in Brno Zemedelska 1 Brno CZ 613 00 Czech Republic

Department of Medical Research China Medical University Hospital China Medical University No 91 Hsueh Shih Road Taichung Taiwan

Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory Central European Institute of Technology Brno University of Technology Brno 61600 Czech Republic

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