Biofilms that grow on implant surfaces pose a great risk and challenge for the dental implant survival. In this work, we have applied Er:YAG photoacoustic irrigation using super short pulses (Er:YAG-SSP) to remove biofilms from the titanium surfaces in the non-contact mode. Mature Enterococcus faecalis biofilms were treated with saline solution, chlorhexidine, and hydrogen peroxide, or photoacoustically with Er:YAG-SSP for 10 or 60 s. The number of total and viable bacteria as well as biofilm surface coverage was determined prior and after different treatments. Er:YAG-SSP photoacoustic treatment significantly increases the biofilm removal rate compared to saline or chemically treated biofilms. Up to 92% of biofilm-covered surface can be cleaned in non-contact mode during 10 s without the use of abrasives or chemicals. In addition, Er:YAG-SSP photoacoustic irrigation significantly decreases the number of viable bacteria that remained on the titanium surface. Within the limitations of the present in vitro model, the ER:YAG-SSP seems to constitute an efficient therapeutic option for quick debridement and decontamination of titanium implants without using abrasives or chemicals.

Biomedical Research Centre University Hospital Hradec Kralove Sokolska 581 500 05 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic

Biotechnical Faculty University of Ljubljana Jamnikarjeva 101 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia

Department of Epidemiology Faculty of Military Health Sciences University of Defence in Brno Trebesska 1575 500 05 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic

Fotona d o o Stegne 7 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia

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