We report the first halogen speciation analysis study by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICPMS/MS) in the fruiting bodies of various mushroom species. Non-targeted speciation analysis revealed the occurrence of dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) in the edible mushroom Russula nigricans. Multiple samples of this mushroom (n = 5) collected from different geographic non-industrial regions in two different countries confirmed the consistent presence of this species at a relatively narrow concentration range (23-37 mg kg-1), whereas no other chlorinated acetic acid (e.g. chloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid) was detected. Neither DCAA nor any other chlorinated acetic acid were detected in any of the other mushroom species investigated in the present study, including seven different mushroom species of the same genus Russula, even though all mushrooms were collected from the same non-industrial geographic regions. Together with the previously reported biological activities of DCAA, these findings collectively suggest biosynthesis of this compound as an explanation for its dominant presence in R. nigricans, and constitute the first example of the dominant natural occurrence of this compound over other chlorinated acetic acids in a living organism. This may warrant a change in our view of the occurrence of dichloroacetic acid in nature, where primarily considered as a pollutant arising from water disinfection.

Institute of Chemistry University of Graz Universitaetsplatz 1 8010 Graz Austria

Institute of Chemistry University of Graz Universitaetsplatz 1 8010 Graz Austria; Atomic and Mass Spectrometry Research Unit Department of Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 S12 9000 Ghent Belgium

Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences Hlavní 130 25068 Husinec Řež Czech Republic; Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Rozvojová 269 16500 Prague 6 Czech Republic

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