Clear role descriptions promote the quality of interprofessional collaboration. Currently, it is unclear to what extent healthcare professionals consider pharmaceutical care (PC) activities to be nurses' responsibility in order to obtain best care quality. This study aimed to create and evaluate a framework describing potential nursing tasks in PC and to investigate nurses' level of responsibility. A framework of PC tasks and contextual factors was developed based on literature review and previous DeMoPhaC project results. Tasks and context were cross-sectionally evaluated using an online survey in 14 European countries. A total of 923 nurses, 240 physicians and 199 pharmacists responded. The majority would consider nurses responsible for tasks within: medication self-management (86-97%), patient education (85-96%), medication safety (83-95%), monitoring adherence (82-97%), care coordination (82-95%), and drug monitoring (78-96%). The most prevalent level of responsibility was 'with shared responsibility'. Prescription management tasks were considered to be nurses' responsibility by 48-81% of the professionals. All contextual factors were indicated as being relevant for nurses' role in PC by at least 74% of the participants. No task nor contextual factor was removed from the framework after evaluation. This framework can be used to enable healthcare professionals to openly discuss allocation of specific (shared) responsibilities and tasks.

1st Faculty of Medicine Institute of Nursing Theory and Practice Charles University 11000 Prague Czech Republic

ANASTE Humanitas Foundation 00192 Rome Italy

Centre for Research and Innovation in Care Department of Nursing and Midwifery Science Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Antwerp 2610 Antwerp Belgium

Department of Nursing and Clinical Science Bournemouth University Bournemouth BH12 5BB UK

Department of Nursing Faculty of Health Sciences University of Alicante 03690 Alicante Spain

Department of Nursing Faculty of Health Sciences University of Primorska 6310 Izola Slovenia

Department of Nursing Swansea University Swansea SA2 8PP UK

Department of Nursing University of Peloponnese 22100 Tripolis Greece

Faculty of Health and Welfare Østfold University College 1757 Halden Norway

Faculty of Nursing and Professional Health Studies Slovak Medical University in Bratislava 83101 Bratislava Slovakia

Health Sciences Research Unit Nursing 3046851 Coimbra Portugal

Higer Medical School University St Kliment Ohridski 7000 Bitola North Macedonia

Institute of Nursing Sciences Basic Health Sciences and Health Visiting Faculty of Health Sciences University of Pécs 7621 Pécs Hungary

Medical Faculty Institute of Health and Nursing Science Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg 06108 Halle Saale Germany

Research Group Care for the Chronically 3 University of Applied Sciences Utrecht 3584 CH Utrecht The Netherlands

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