Passiflora species, mangosteen, and cherimoya peels are a source of bioactive phenolic compounds. Nevertheless, a significant fraction of polyphenols, called non-extractable polyphenols (NEPs), are retained in the extraction residue after a conventional extraction. Thus, alkaline, acid, and enzymatic-assisted extractions to recover high contents of antioxidant NEPs from the extraction residue of fruit peels, were compared in this work. A high-performance thin-layer chromatography method with UV/Vis detection was developed in order to obtain the phenolic profile for the extracts. The most intense bands were further analyzed by direct analysis in real-time-high-resolution mass spectrometry to tentatively identified NEPs in fruit peel extracts. Total phenolic and proanthocyanidin contents and antioxidant capacity of the extracts were measured to carry out a multivariate statistical analysis. Alkaline hydrolysis was the most efficient treatment to recover NEPs from fruit peels as well as a promising treatment to obtain antioxidant extracts along with EAE. Cherimoya peel extracts were the richest in antioxidant NEPs. This work highlights that many NEPs remain on the extraction residue of fruit peels after conventional extraction and are not usually taken into account.

Universidad de Alcalá Departamento de Química Analítica Química Física e Ingeniería Química Facultad de Ciencias Ctra Madrid Barcelona Km 33 600 Alcalá de Henares 28871 Madrid Spain; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Mendel University in Brno Zemedelska 1 CZ 613 00 Brno Czech Republic

Universidad de Alcalá Departamento de Química Analítica Química Física e Ingeniería Química Facultad de Ciencias Ctra Madrid Barcelona Km 33 600 Alcalá de Henares 28871 Madrid Spain; Universidad de Alcalá Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés M del Río Ctra Madrid Barcelona Km 33 600 Alcalá de Henares 28871 Madrid Spain

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