A multidrug-resistant (MDR) Campylobacter coli (C. coli) strain was isolated from a 2-month-old newborn who suffered from severe diarrhea in Lebanon. Here, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis was deployed to determine the genetic basis of antimicrobial resistance and virulence in the C. coli isolate and to identify its epidemiological background (sequence type). The identity of the isolate was confirmed using API® Campy, MALDI-TOF, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. The antimicrobial susceptibility phenotype was determined using the disk diffusion assay. Our analysis showed that resistance to macrolide and quinolone was potentially associated with the presence of multiple point mutations in antibiotic targets on the chromosomal DNA. Furthermore, tetracycline and aminoglycoside resistance were encoded by genes on a pTet plasmid. The blaOXA-61, which is associated with beta-lactam resistance, was also detected in the C. coli genome. A set of 30 genes associated with the virulence in C. coli was detected using WGS analysis. MLST analysis classified the isolate as belonging to a new sequence type (ST-9588), a member of ST-828 complex which is mainly associated with humans and chickens. Taking together, this study provides the first WGS analysis of Campylobacter isolated from Lebanon. The detection of a variety of AMR and virulence determinants strongly emphasizes the need for studying the burden of Campylobacter in Lebanon and the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, where information on campylobacteriosis is scant.

Aix Marseille University IRD APHM MEPHI IHU Méditerranée Infection Faculté de Médecine Et de Pharmacie 19 21 boulevard Jean Moulin 13385 Marseille France

Center for Food Safety and Department of Food Science and Technology University of Georgia 1109 Experiment Street Griffin GA 30223 1797 USA

Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University Ithaca NY 14850 USA

Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé Et Environnement Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology Faculty of Public Health Lebanese University Tripoli Lebanon

Pédiatre Clinique Jamal Et Akoum Tripoli Lebanon

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