Based on phylogenetic analyses, some newly studied Chinese mushroom specimens were found to represent two distinct species within the genus Gymnopus. Along with G.fusipes (sect. Gymnopus) they form a distinct clade with high support, although their macromorphological characters seem to be closer to members of Gymnopus sect. Levipedes or sect. Vestipedes (Collybiopsis). When examined in detail, their micromorphological characters, especially the type of pileipellis, support them as new members of G. sect. Gymnopus. Therefore, two new species, G.omphalinoides and G.schizophyllus, and the emended circumscription of sect. Gymnopus are proposed in this paper. Detailed morphological descriptions, colour photos, illustrations of the two new species, morphological comparisons with similar taxa and the molecular-phylogenetic analyses of the combined nrITS and nrLSU data are presented. A key to the known species of G. sect. Gymnopus is also presented.

Department of Botany Moravian Museum Zelný trh 6 Brno CZ 659 37 Czech Republic Moravian Museum Brno Czech Republic

Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi Jilin Agricultural University Changchun Jilin 130118 China Institute of Microbiology Guangdong Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China

Guizhou institute of biology Guizhou Academy of Sciences Guiyang Guizhou 550009 China Guizhou institute of biology Guizhou Academy of Sciences Guiyang China

Shenzhen Wildlife Conservation Division Shenzhen Guangdong 518048 China Shenzhen Wildlife Conservation Division Shenzhen China

State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application Institute of Microbiology Guangdong Academy of Sciences Guangzhou Guangdong 510070 China Jilin Agricultural University Changchun China

Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture Private Bag 98 Hobart Tasmania 7001 Australia Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture Hobart Australia

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