Groundwater is the second largest water source for daily consumption, only next to surface water resources. Groundwater has been extensively investigated for its pollution level in urban areas. The groundwater quality assessments in industrial areas associated with every urban landscape are still lacking. This study was carried out in two industrial areas including Okhla and Mohan cooperative in New Delhi, India. The six groundwater samples were obtained for water quality assessment for 2015 and 2018. The heavy metals investigated in water samples were Cu, As, Pb, Mn, Ni, Zn, Fe, Cr, and Mn. The water quality was assessed in the heavy metals index (MI) and heavy metal pollution index (HPI). From indexing approach, it was observed that pollution levels have increased in year 2018 as compared to the year 2015. MI < 1 for Cu in 2015 and 2018 in both industrial areas. In the case of remaining metals, MI ranged from 2.5 to 8.4. When the HPI indexing approach was adopted, water was unfit for drinking in both industrial areas in 2015 and 2018, with an HPI value > 100. Non-carcinogenic risk assessment (HI) ranged from 1.7 to 1.9 in 2015, increasing from 17.41 to 217 in 2018, indicating high risk in both years. Carcinogenic risk (CR) was within the acceptable range for 48% of each heavy metal analysed sample. When the Carcinogenic risk index was considered (CRI), all samples were beyond the acceptable range, and every person was prone to carcinogenic risk in 2015.

Chemical Engineering Department COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus Lahore Punjab 54000 Pakistan; Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory SPIL NETME Centre Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Brno University of Technology VUT Brno Technická 2896 2 616 00 Brno Czech Republic

Department of Civil Engineering Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi 110025 India

Department of Civil Engineering King Khalid University Abha 61421 Saudi Arabia

Department of Geography LADES FLSH M Hassan 2 University of Casablanca Mohammedia 28810 Morocco

Department of Petroleum Engineering School of Engineering Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

Environmental Remote Sensing School of Physics Universiti Sains Malaysia Penang Island 11800 Malaysia

Faculty of Applied Sciences UCSI University UCSI Heights 56000 Cheras Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410 Brunei Darussalam

Research Centre for Development Social and Environment Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 Bangi Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia

Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory SPIL NETME Centre Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Brno University of Technology VUT Brno Technická 2896 2 616 00 Brno Czech Republic

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