Metallic magnesium is a promising high-capacity anode material for energy storage technologies beyond lithium-ion batteries. However, most reported Mg metal anodes are only cyclable under shallow cycling (≤1 mAh cm-2) and thus poor Mg utilization (<3%) conditions, significantly compromising their energy-dense characteristic. Herein, composite Mg metal anodes with high capacity utilization of 75% are achieved by coating magnesiophilic gold nanoparticles on copper foils for the first time. Benefiting from homogeneous ionic flux and uniform deposition morphology, the Mg-plated Au-Cu electrode exhibits high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.16% over 170 h cycling at 75% Mg utilization. Moreover, the full cell based on Mg-plated Au-Cu anode and Mo6S8 cathode achieves superior capacity retention of 80% after 300 cycles at a low negative/positive ratio of 1.33. This work provides a simple yet effective general strategy to enhance Mg utilization and reversibility, which can be extended to other metal anodes as well.

Department of Inorganic Chemistry University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic

Institute of High Performance Computing Agency for Science Technology and Research 1 Fusionopolis Way Connexis Singapore 138632 Singapore

Institute of Materials Research and Engineering Agency for Science Technology and Research 2 Fusionopolis Way Innovis Singapore 138634 Singapore

School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China

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