Targeted alpha therapy with radionuclides undergoing multiple alpha-particle decays is a promising method of nuclear medicine. To study the effectiveness of alpha versus beta emitters, survival of DU145 prostate cancer cells exposed to 223Ra or 177Lu was assessed. Per decay, the cells were much more sensitive to the alpha than beta emitter. However, per unit dose the sensitivities would be comparable, contrary to the well-known evidence, if the decay energy were deposited within the sample completely and homogeneously. Measurements by Timepix detectors showed about three times higher counts of alpha particles above than below the sample. After the first alpha decay of 223Ra to 219Rn, this gas likely moves upwards and its subsequent three alpha decays occur in the upper part of the sample. Correct estimation of absorbed dose is a critical issue when analysing in vitro data and when translating their results to clinical applications.

Department of Dosimetry and Application of Ionizing Radiation Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering Czech Technical University Prague Břehová 7 115 19 Prague 1 Czech Republic

Department of Nuclear Chemistry Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering Czech Technical University Prague Břehová 7 115 19 Prague 1 Czech Republic

Department of Radiation Dosimetry Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS Na Truhlářce 39 64 180 00 Prague 8 Czech Republic

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