Global warming is predicted to change the growth conditions for plants and crops in regions at high latitudes (>60° N), including the Arctic. This will be accompanied by alterations in the composition of natural plant and pest communities, as herbivorous arthropods will invade these regions as well. Interactions between previously non-overlapping species may occur and cause new challenges to herbivore attack. However, plants growing at high latitudes experience less herbivory compared to plants grown at lower latitudes. We hypothesize that this finding is due to a gradient of constitutive chemical defense towards the Northern regions. We further hypothesize that higher level of defensive compounds is mediated by higher level of the defense-related phytohormone jasmonate. Because its biosynthesis is light dependent, Arctic summer day light conditions can promote jasmonate accumulation and, hence, downstream physiological responses. A pilot study with bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) plants grown under different light regimes supports the hypothesis.

Botanical Institute Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany

Department of Arctic and Marine Biology The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway

Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czechia

Institute of Entomology Biology Centre of Czech Academy of Science Ceske Budejovice Czechia

NIBIO Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research Ås Norway

Research Group Plant Defense Physiology Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Jena Germany

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